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Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Reforms of Cornwallis:
He separated the judiciary from the executive.
The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished.
The criminal cases were to be decided on the basis of secular penal code.
Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?
- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 3 only
- c)1 and 3 on!y
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Refo...
Cornwallis separated the judiciary from the executive. In this field, he tried to perfect the system established by Warren Hastings. So, statement 1 is correct.
Civil Courts:
- The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished. So, statement 2 is correct.
- A regular hierarchy of courts was constituted. At the bottom of the organization were the courts of Munsifs, who were Indians. These courts were authorized to decide cases of disputes involving not more than rupees fifty.
- Above the courts of Munsifs were the courts of Indian Registrars who could take up cases involving disputes up to rupees two hundred only.
- Then there were district courts that heard appeals from the lower courts and wherein English judges decided disputes with the help of Indian assessors.
- Above district courts were four provincial courts established at Patna, Dacca, Murshidabad and Calcutta, respectively. These courts dealt with original cases and also heard appeals from the lower courts. These courts were placed under three English judges who decided cases with three native assessors.
- At the top of all was the Sadar Diwani Adalat at Calcutta, wherein the cases were decided by the governor-general and the members of his council with the assistance of Chief Qazi, two Muftis and two Pandits.
- Over and above it, an appeal could be made to the King of Britain and his Council.
- These courts could decide the cases involving Europeans as well. Besides, many rules were framed concerning the functioning of these courts.
Criminal Courts:
Circuit Courts that moved from one place to another for dispensing justice were established in districts under English judges.
- Above them were four provincial courts established at Patna, Dacca, Murshidabad and Calcutta, respectively. English judges presided over these courts. These courts could award a death sentence to a person but with the prior permission of the Sadar Nizamat Adalat.
- The Sadar Nizamat Adalat was established at Calcutta, where the cases were decided by the "Governor-general-in-Council". It was the highest criminal court. However, an appeal against its judgment could be made to the King of Britain and his Council.
- In all these courts, the English judges were assisted by native assessors. Besides the establishment of different courts, some following measures were also passed:
- It was decided that the civil disputes would be decided according to community !aws, viz., the Hindu laws would decide the cases of the Hindus. In contrast, the cases of the Muslims would be decided by the Muslim laws.
- The criminal cases would be decided based on Muslim laws. So, statement 3 is not correct.
- The government officials were held responsible for their actions in their official capacity and therefore, cases would be instituted against them in their official capacity.
- The Governor-general-in-Council had the right to pardon or reduce the punishment given to an individual. However, the last appeal for a pardon could be made by an individual to "British King in Council."
- The Supreme Court also remained there. It, however, decided the cases involving only the Europeans.
Therefore, the correct answer is (a).
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Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Reforms of Cornwallis: He separated the judiciary from the executive. The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished. The criminal cases were to be decided on the basis of secular penal code. Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 3 on!yd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Reforms of Cornwallis: He separated the judiciary from the executive. The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished. The criminal cases were to be decided on the basis of secular penal code. Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 3 on!yd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2025 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Reforms of Cornwallis: He separated the judiciary from the executive. The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished. The criminal cases were to be decided on the basis of secular penal code. Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 3 on!yd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Reforms of Cornwallis: He separated the judiciary from the executive. The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished. The criminal cases were to be decided on the basis of secular penal code. Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 3 on!yd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Reforms of Cornwallis: He separated the judiciary from the executive. The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished. The criminal cases were to be decided on the basis of secular penal code. Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 3 on!yd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2025 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Reforms of Cornwallis: He separated the judiciary from the executive. The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished. The criminal cases were to be decided on the basis of secular penal code. Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 3 on!yd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Consider the following statements with reference to the Judicial Reforms of Cornwallis: He separated the judiciary from the executive. The distinction between civil suits and revenue disputes was abolished. The criminal cases were to be decided on the basis of secular penal code. Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 3 on!yd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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