A phase (1813-1858) saw India convert rapidly into a market for Manche...
Free-trader industrial capitalist phase (1813-1858) in India
Introduction:
During the early 19th century, India saw a rapid transformation into a market for Manchester textiles and a source for raw materials. This period is referred to as the Free-trader industrial capitalist phase.
Factors contributing to the Free-trader industrial capitalist phase:
1. British policies: The British government adopted policies that encouraged free trade and the establishment of industries in India. This led to the growth of industries in India and the expansion of trade with Britain.
2. Industrial revolution: The industrial revolution in Britain led to the need for raw materials and markets for their finished goods. India provided both, and this led to the growth of the textile industry in India.
3. Improved transportation: The construction of roads, canals, and railways improved transportation in India. This made it easier for goods to be transported from one place to another and facilitated trade between India and Britain.
Impact of the Free-trader industrial capitalist phase:
1. Economic growth: The Free-trader industrial capitalist phase led to the growth of industries in India, which in turn led to economic growth.
2. Exploitation of resources: The British exploited India's resources, particularly raw materials, for their own benefit. This led to the depletion of India's resources and the impoverishment of its people.
3. Dependence on Britain: India became dependent on Britain for its manufactured goods, which led to the decline of indigenous industries.
4. Social changes: The growth of industries led to social changes in India. The emergence of a new class of industrialists and the decline of traditional industries led to changes in the social hierarchy.
Conclusion:
The Free-trader industrial capitalist phase had a profound impact on India's economy and society. While it led to economic growth, it also led to the exploitation of India's resources and the decline of indigenous industries. The legacy of this phase is still felt in India today.