The viability of seeds of Lupinus arcticus is 10000 years and it is oldest till date.

Introduction:
The viability of seeds refers to their ability to germinate and grow into healthy plants. In the case of Lupin us arcticus, the viability of its seeds is estimated to be 10,000 years.

Explanation:
The viability of seeds can vary greatly depending on various factors such as the species of the plant, the conditions in which the seeds are stored, and the presence of any protective mechanisms. In the case of Lupin us arcticus, the seeds have been found to have a remarkably long viability of 10,000 years.

Factors contributing to seed viability:
There are several factors that contribute to the long viability of Lupin us arcticus seeds:

1. Seed dormancy: Some seeds have built-in mechanisms that prevent them from germinating immediately after dispersal. This dormancy can help seeds survive unfavorable conditions and remain viable for extended periods.

2. Genetic adaptation: Lupin us arcticus is a plant species that grows in the Arctic region, where the climate is harsh and unpredictable. Over time, these plants have developed genetic adaptations that enable their seeds to remain viable for longer periods.

3. Environmental conditions: The Arctic region is characterized by extremely low temperatures, which can help preserve seeds for extended periods. The cold temperatures slow down the metabolic processes within the seeds, reducing their aging and maintaining their viability.

4. Seed coat protection: Lupin us arcticus seeds have a thick, hard seed coat that provides protection against physical damage and desiccation. This protective layer helps maintain the seeds' viability by preventing moisture loss and warding off potential threats.

5. Storage conditions: The seeds of Lupin us arcticus have been found in permafrost, which is a permanently frozen layer of soil. Permafrost acts as a natural freezer, maintaining low temperatures and providing an ideal environment for long-term seed preservation.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Lupin us arcticus seeds have an estimated viability of 10,000 years. This exceptional longevity can be attributed to factors such as seed dormancy, genetic adaptation, environmental conditions, seed coat protection, and storage in permafrost. Understanding the viability of seeds is important for conservation efforts and the preservation of plant biodiversity.