Hormones secreted by Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a small but important part of the brain that plays a key role in regulating various physiological functions including hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sleep. It also has a crucial role in regulating the endocrine system by controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Two important hormones secreted by the hypothalamus are ADH and oxytocin, which are stored in and released by the posterior pituitary gland.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

ADH is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus in response to changes in blood osmolarity (concentration of solutes in the blood). When the concentration of solutes in the blood increases, the hypothalamus sends a signal to the posterior pituitary gland to release ADH into the bloodstream. ADH acts on the kidneys to reduce the amount of water lost in urine, thereby conserving water in the body. This helps to maintain the body's fluid balance and prevent dehydration.

Prolactin

Prolactin is a hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland under the control of the hypothalamus. It plays a key role in lactation and milk production in females. Prolactin is also involved in regulating reproductive functions such as ovulation and the menstrual cycle in women.

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a hormone released by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in childbirth and lactation in females. Oxytocin helps to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth, and also promotes the release of milk from the mammary glands during breastfeeding. Oxytocin is also involved in social bonding and attachment, and has been shown to play a role in promoting trust, empathy, and social cooperation.

Conclusion

In summary, the hypothalamus secretes two important hormones, ADH and oxytocin, which are stored in and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It also regulates the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating various physiological functions including fluid balance, lactation, childbirth, and social bonding.