Match the terms in Column I with their description in Column IIand cho...
Column I Column II
(a) Dominance (i) Many genes govern a single character
(b) Codominance (ii) In a heterozygous organism both alleles express themselves fully
(c) Pleiotropy (iii) A single gene influences many characters
(d) Polygenic inheritance (iv) In a heterozygous organism only one allele expresses itself
The correct option is (c) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii).
Explanation:
- Dominance: It is the phenomenon in which one allele expresses its phenotype over the other allele in a heterozygous condition. In other words, the dominant allele masks the expression of the recessive allele. It is governed by a single gene and a single character.
- Codominance: It is the phenomenon in which both alleles of a gene express their phenotype equally without any dominance or suppression in a heterozygous condition. Both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism. It is also governed by a single gene and a single character.
- Pleiotropy: It is the phenomenon in which a single gene influences multiple characters or traits. In other words, a single gene affects more than one phenotype. For example, the sickle cell anemia gene affects not only the shape of red blood cells but also the resistance to malaria.
- Polygenic inheritance: It is the phenomenon in which multiple genes govern a single character or trait. In other words, the phenotype is the result of the cumulative effect of many genes. For example, skin color, height, and weight are governed by multiple genes.
Therefore, the correct option is (c) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii), where pleiotropy (iii) is the phenomenon in which a single gene influences many characters, codominance (ii) is the phenomenon in which both alleles express themselves fully in a heterozygous organism, polygenic inheritance (iv) is the phenomenon in which many genes govern a single character, and dominance (i) is the phenomenon in which one allele expresses its phenotype over the other allele.
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