Explanation:

Alexander the Great, the famous Macedonian king, embarked on an ambitious military campaign to conquer the known world in the 4th century BCE. One of his primary goals was to reach India and continue his conquests. However, his troops eventually forced him to turn back, and this event occurred at the Beas River.

Background:

Before reaching the Beas River, Alexander and his army had already successfully crossed the Indus River and the Jhelum River. They faced numerous challenges along the way, including fierce resistance from local Indian rulers and the difficult terrain of the region.

The Battle of Hydaspes:

The Battle of Hydaspes, fought in 326 BCE, was a significant encounter between Alexander's forces and the Indian king Porus. The battle took place near the Jhelum River, and although Alexander emerged victorious, his troops suffered heavy casualties. The battle marked a turning point in Alexander's campaign, as his soldiers began to grow weary and long for home.

Alexander's Decision:

Following the Battle of Hydaspes, Alexander's troops were exhausted and demoralized. They had faced tough resistance from the Indian kingdoms, and rumors of vast armies and treacherous lands further east in India worried them. Additionally, the soldiers missed their homes and families and were concerned about the long and arduous journey back to Macedonia.

The Beas River:

As Alexander's army approached the Beas River, the troops mutinied and refused to go any further. They demanded to turn back and return home. Alexander, recognizing the deteriorating morale and the unwillingness of his soldiers to continue, reluctantly agreed and decided to abandon his plans to conquer the rest of India.

Significance:

The decision to turn back at the Beas River marked the furthest point of Alexander's campaign and the end of his eastward expansion. Despite his grand ambitions, he respected the wishes of his troops and led them on a long journey back to their homeland.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Alexander's troops forced him to turn back from India at the Beas River. The Battle of Hydaspes and the difficult conditions faced by his army led to their demoralization and desire to return home. This event marked the end of Alexander's conquests and his retreat from the Indian subcontinent.