During Muhammad-bin-Qasim's rule, the tax imposed on non-Muslims was known as Jizya.

1. What is Jizya?
- Jizya is a tax that was imposed on non-Muslims living under Islamic rule.
- It was collected from non-Muslims as a form of tribute or protection fee.
- The tax was levied on adult non-Muslim males who were capable of paying.

2. Purpose of Jizya
- The main purpose of imposing Jizya was to establish the dominance of the Islamic state and to differentiate between Muslims and non-Muslims.
- It also served as a means of revenue for the state.

3. Collection of Jizya
- Jizya was collected by the state authorities in exchange for the protection and security provided to non-Muslims.
- The tax amount varied based on the financial capability of the individual.
- Non-Muslims were required to pay the tax annually or in installments.

4. Exemptions from Jizya
- Certain categories of non-Muslims were exempted from paying Jizya, including women, children, the elderly, the disabled, monks, and priests.
- Non-Muslims who served in the military or were engaged in public service were also exempted from paying the tax.

5. Consequences of non-payment
- Non-payment of Jizya could result in various penalties, including imprisonment, confiscation of property, or even enslavement.
- However, the purpose of the tax was not to impoverish non-Muslims but rather to establish the supremacy of the Islamic state.

In conclusion, Jizya was the tax imposed on non-Muslims during Muhammad-bin-Qasim's rule. It served as a means of revenue for the state and symbolized the differentiation between Muslims and non-Muslims. The tax was collected from non-Muslim men who were capable of paying, while certain categories were exempted. Non-payment could lead to penalties, but the intention was not to impoverish non-Muslims.