Identifying functional groups and their properties in organic compounds is an essential skill in organic chemistry. By recognizing the functional groups present in a molecule, we can predict its reactivity, physical properties, and potential reactions. Here are some tips to quickly identify functional groups and understand their properties:

1. **Alkanes**: Alkanes are hydrocarbons with only single bonds. They are generally unreactive and have low boiling points.

2. **Alkenes**: Alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond. They are more reactive than alkanes and undergo addition reactions to break the double bond. Alkenes can be identified by their suffix "-ene."

3. **Alkynes**: Alkynes have a carbon-carbon triple bond. They are even more reactive than alkenes and can undergo addition reactions to break the triple bond. Alkynes can be identified by their suffix "-yne."

4. **Alcohols**: Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. They have higher boiling points due to hydrogen bonding and can undergo dehydration reactions to form alkenes. Alcohols are named with the suffix "-ol."

5. **Aldehydes**: Aldehydes have a carbonyl group (-C=O) at the end of a carbon chain. They are easily oxidized and can be identified by the suffix "-al."

6. **Ketones**: Ketones also have a carbonyl group, but it is located within the carbon chain. They are less reactive than aldehydes and can be identified by the suffix "-one."

7. **Carboxylic acids**: Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a carbon atom. They are acidic and can undergo reactions to form esters, amides, or salts. Carboxylic acids are named with the suffix "-oic acid."

8. **Esters**: Esters are derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols. They have a carbonyl group and an alkyl or aryl group. Esters are often responsible for pleasant smells and are named with the suffix "-ate."

9. **Amines**: Amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon atoms. They can be primary, secondary, or tertiary, depending on the number of carbon substituents attached to the nitrogen atom. Amines are named with the prefix "amino-."

10. **Amides**: Amides have a carbonyl group and a nitrogen atom attached to a carbon atom. They are derived from carboxylic acids and amines and are named with the suffix "-amide."

Remember that these are just some of the most common functional groups in organic chemistry. By familiarizing yourself with their structures, naming conventions, and properties, you can quickly identify functional groups in organic compounds and make predictions about their behavior. Practice drawing and naming organic compounds regularly to improve your skills in recognizing functional groups.