< b="" />Key Philosophers or Thinkers Studied in Humanities Subjects in Class 12

In Class 12 humanities subjects, students study various philosophers and thinkers who have made significant contributions to different fields such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, and political science. Here are some key philosophers or thinkers commonly studied in Class 12:

< b="" />1. Plato:
- Plato was a Greek philosopher and one of the most influential figures in Western philosophy.
- He is known for his theory of Forms, which suggests that the true reality exists beyond our physical world.
- His works such as "The Republic" and "The Symposium" explore themes like justice, ideal society, and the nature of love.

< b="" />2. Aristotle:
- Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and student of Plato.
- He made significant contributions to various fields, including logic, ethics, and political science.
- His work on logic, known as "Organon," laid the foundation for deductive reasoning.
- Aristotle's ethical theory emphasizes the importance of virtue and the pursuit of happiness.

< b="" />3. Karl Marx:
- Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, and sociologist.
- He is known for his critique of capitalism and his theory of historical materialism.
- Marx's work, "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," laid the foundation for Marxist theory and socialism.

< b="" />4. Sigmund Freud:
- Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis.
- His theories on the unconscious mind, dream analysis, and the psychosexual stages of development have had a profound impact on psychology.
- Freud's works, such as "The Interpretation of Dreams" and "The Ego and the Id," continue to shape the field of psychology.

< b="" />5. John Stuart Mill:
- John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher and political economist.
- He was a prominent advocate for utilitarianism, a moral theory that suggests actions should be judged based on their utility or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
- Mill's works, such as "Utilitarianism" and "On Liberty," explore topics like individual freedom, democracy, and the role of the government.

< b="" />6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau:
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher, writer, and composer.
- His works, such as "The Social Contract" and "Emile," discuss the concept of the general will, the nature of freedom, and the importance of education.
- Rousseau's ideas on social contract theory and the relationship between the individual and society have influenced political thought.

These are just a few of the key philosophers or thinkers studied in Class 12 humanities subjects. Their ideas and theories continue to shape our understanding of various disciplines and provide valuable insights into the human experience.