The correct answer is B. Article 44.

Explanation:

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution is a directive principle of state policy which states that the state shall endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) for the citizens throughout the territory of India.

A directive principle of state policy is a set of guidelines or principles given to the government of India to be followed while framing laws and policies. These principles are not enforceable by any court but are fundamental in the governance of the country.

The Uniform Civil Code aims to replace the personal laws of different religious communities with a common set of laws governing issues such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption. It seeks to ensure equality and justice for all citizens, irrespective of their religion, in matters of personal laws.

The need for a Uniform Civil Code arises from the existence of different personal laws based on religious practices and customs followed by different communities in India. These personal laws often discriminate against women and perpetuate gender inequality. The Uniform Civil Code seeks to address these concerns and promote gender justice and equality.

The inclusion of Article 44 in the Constitution reflects the vision of the framers of the Constitution to promote a progressive and inclusive society. However, the implementation of a Uniform Civil Code has been a subject of debate and controversy in India. Different religious communities have opposed the idea, citing concerns about the protection of their religious and cultural rights.

In conclusion, Article 44 of the Indian Constitution provides that the state shall endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code for the citizens throughout the territory of India. It reflects the vision of the framers of the Constitution to promote equality and justice for all citizens, irrespective of their religion. However, the implementation of a Uniform Civil Code has been a contentious issue in India.