The region that is often referred to as the "bread basket of the world" is the Temperate grassland region. This region is known for its fertile soil, favorable climate, and extensive agricultural activity, making it a major producer of grains and other food crops. Let's explore the reasons behind this designation in more detail.

1. Fertile Soil:
- The temperate grasslands, also known as prairies or steppes, have deep and fertile soil.
- This soil is rich in nutrients and organic matter, making it highly productive for agriculture.
- The accumulation of organic matter over centuries has created a thick layer of topsoil that is ideal for cultivating crops.

2. Favorable Climate:
- Temperate grasslands are characterized by moderate temperatures, with warm summers and cold winters.
- This climate pattern is conducive to the growth of various crops, including wheat, corn, barley, and oats.
- The temperature range allows for the cultivation of both cool-season and warm-season crops.

3. Sufficient Rainfall:
- While temperate grasslands receive less rainfall compared to other regions, they still receive enough precipitation to support agriculture.
- The rainfall is typically distributed throughout the year, with no distinct wet or dry seasons.
- This consistent moisture, combined with the fertile soil, provides ideal conditions for crop growth.

4. Agricultural Activity:
- The combination of fertile soil, favorable climate, and sufficient rainfall has led to extensive agricultural activity in temperate grassland regions.
- Farmers in these regions specialize in growing grains and other food crops on a large scale.
- The mechanization of agriculture, along with advanced farming techniques and technology, has further boosted productivity.

5. Global Food Production:
- Due to its high agricultural productivity, the temperate grassland region has become a significant contributor to global food production.
- It plays a crucial role in meeting the world's demand for staple crops such as wheat, corn, and barley.
- The surplus production from these regions is often exported to other parts of the world, earning them the title of the "bread basket of the world."

In conclusion, the temperate grassland region is called the bread basket of the world because of its fertile soil, favorable climate, sufficient rainfall, and extensive agricultural activity. These factors have made it a major producer of grains and other food crops, contributing significantly to global food production.