The Ming dynasty, which lasted from 1368 to 1644, was one of the most significant periods in Chinese history. It was characterized by various notable achievements and developments. The correct answer, option 'D', encompasses all of these accomplishments: the construction of the Great Wall, the voyages of Zheng He, and the establishment of the civil service examination system. Let's explore each of these factors in detail.

1. Construction of the Great Wall:
a) The Great Wall of China is an ancient fortification that stretches across the northern part of China. It was built to protect the Chinese empire from invasions and raids by nomadic groups from the north.
b) During the Ming dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall was extensively carried out to fortify and strengthen its defense system. The Ming emperors ordered the repair and expansion of existing walls and the construction of new sections.
c) The purpose of the Great Wall was to serve as a physical barrier and a symbol of Chinese power and unity.

2. Voyages of Zheng He:
a) Zheng He was a Chinese explorer and diplomat who conducted several maritime expeditions during the early Ming dynasty. These voyages were intended to demonstrate Chinese power, establish trade relations, and extend Chinese influence.
b) The expeditions led by Zheng He were remarkable in scale, with a fleet of large and technologically advanced ships. These voyages reached various regions, including Southeast Asia, India, the Arabian Peninsula, and East Africa.
c) Zheng He's expeditions brought back valuable resources, exotic goods, and established diplomatic ties with foreign countries. These voyages were instrumental in expanding Chinese maritime influence and enhancing cultural exchanges.

3. Establishment of the civil service examination system:
a) The civil service examination system was a key feature of the Ming dynasty's governance structure. It was a method of selecting government officials based on their knowledge, skills, and merit rather than their social status or family background.
b) The Ming emperors reformed and expanded the civil service examination system, making it more inclusive and accessible. They emphasized the importance of education and created a standardized curriculum for aspiring officials.
c) This system allowed individuals from diverse backgrounds to pursue a career in the government, promoting social mobility and reducing the influence of hereditary elites. It also ensured a more efficient and capable bureaucracy.

In conclusion, the Ming dynasty is known for its contributions to Chinese history through the construction of the Great Wall, the voyages of Zheng He, and the establishment of the civil service examination system. These achievements had a lasting impact on Chinese culture, politics, and international relations.