UPSC Exam > UPSC Questions > Consider the following options.1. The fifth r...
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Consider the following options.
1. The fifth report submitted to the British Parliament in 1813 AD.
2. Jotedars were quite powerful.
3. Santhals were a great danger to Paharis.
4. No Zamindari was auctioned in Bengal
2. Jotedars were quite powerful.
3. Santhals were a great danger to Paharis.
4. No Zamindari was auctioned in Bengal
- a)1, 2 and 4
- b)2, 3 and 4
- c)1, 2 and 3
- d)1, 2, 3, 4
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider the following options.1. The fifth report submitted to the Br...
The correct answer is option 'C' - 1, 2, and 3. Let's discuss each option in detail to understand the reasoning behind this answer.
1. The fifth report submitted to the British Parliament in 1813 AD:
- This report is significant because it played a crucial role in shaping the future of British rule in India. The report was submitted by a committee appointed by the British Parliament to examine the state of affairs in British India.
- The report recommended several reforms, including the abolition of the East India Company's trade monopoly and the opening of Indian markets to British goods. It also called for the promotion of education and the improvement of Indian agriculture and industry.
- The report had far-reaching consequences and marked a shift in British policy towards India. It led to the passage of the Charter Act of 1813, which implemented many of the recommendations made in the report.
2. Jotedars were quite powerful:
- Jotedars were a class of landlords or landowners in Bengal during the colonial period. They played a significant role in the agrarian system of Bengal.
- Jotedars enjoyed considerable power and influence in their local areas. They controlled vast tracts of land and had control over the agricultural activities in their estates.
- Jotedars used their power to extract rents from the peasants and often exploited them. They were also involved in various feudal practices and had a significant say in local governance.
- However, with the implementation of land reforms in independent India, the power and influence of Jotedars were significantly reduced.
3. Santhals were a great danger to Paharis:
- Santhals were an indigenous tribe living in the Chota Nagpur region of India, primarily in present-day Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.
- During the colonial period, Santhals rebelled against the British and the local Pahari landlords who were known for their oppressive rule.
- The Santhal rebellion of 1855-1856 was a major uprising by the Santhal tribe against British and Pahari landlords. The Santhals fought for their land rights and against exploitative practices.
- The rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, but it highlighted the grievances and struggles of the indigenous tribes against the colonial authorities and the local landlords.
In conclusion, options 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The fifth report submitted to the British Parliament in 1813 AD, the power of Jotedars, and the Santhal rebellion all played significant roles in the history of British India and had a lasting impact on the socio-political landscape of the region.
1. The fifth report submitted to the British Parliament in 1813 AD:
- This report is significant because it played a crucial role in shaping the future of British rule in India. The report was submitted by a committee appointed by the British Parliament to examine the state of affairs in British India.
- The report recommended several reforms, including the abolition of the East India Company's trade monopoly and the opening of Indian markets to British goods. It also called for the promotion of education and the improvement of Indian agriculture and industry.
- The report had far-reaching consequences and marked a shift in British policy towards India. It led to the passage of the Charter Act of 1813, which implemented many of the recommendations made in the report.
2. Jotedars were quite powerful:
- Jotedars were a class of landlords or landowners in Bengal during the colonial period. They played a significant role in the agrarian system of Bengal.
- Jotedars enjoyed considerable power and influence in their local areas. They controlled vast tracts of land and had control over the agricultural activities in their estates.
- Jotedars used their power to extract rents from the peasants and often exploited them. They were also involved in various feudal practices and had a significant say in local governance.
- However, with the implementation of land reforms in independent India, the power and influence of Jotedars were significantly reduced.
3. Santhals were a great danger to Paharis:
- Santhals were an indigenous tribe living in the Chota Nagpur region of India, primarily in present-day Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.
- During the colonial period, Santhals rebelled against the British and the local Pahari landlords who were known for their oppressive rule.
- The Santhal rebellion of 1855-1856 was a major uprising by the Santhal tribe against British and Pahari landlords. The Santhals fought for their land rights and against exploitative practices.
- The rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, but it highlighted the grievances and struggles of the indigenous tribes against the colonial authorities and the local landlords.
In conclusion, options 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The fifth report submitted to the British Parliament in 1813 AD, the power of Jotedars, and the Santhal rebellion all played significant roles in the history of British India and had a lasting impact on the socio-political landscape of the region.
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Consider the following options.1. The fifth report submitted to the Br...
The Santhals became Settlers:
- Zamindars and Britishers after having failed to subdue the Paharias and transform them into settled cultivators turned to Santhals. The Santhal appeared to be ideal settlers, cleared the forest and ploughed land.
- After land was granted, population of Santhals increased exponentially and their villages also increased in number.
- When the Santhal were settling, the Paharias resisted but were ultimately forced to withdraw deeper into hills. It impoverished the Paharias in the long term. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
The Fifth Report and its Impact on Zamindars:
- It was the fifth of a series of report on administration and activities of East India Company in India.
- It was submitted to the British Parliament in 1813. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
- British Parliament forced the company to produce regular report on the administration of India and appointed committees to enquire into the affairs of the company. It became the basis of intense parliamentary debates on the nature of East India Company’s rule in India.
- Fifth report has shaped our conception of what happened in rural Bengal during that period and evidence contained in the 5th report are very important.
The Rise of The Jotedars in Villages:
- The group of prosperous farmers were popularly known as jotedars.
- Jotedars were a class of rich peasants.
- They acquired vast areas of land, controlled trade, money lending and exercise immense- power over the poorer cultivators. Their land was cultivated through share cropper known as adhiyars or bargadars.
- Within village the power of jotedars was more effective than that of Zamindars. They fiercely resisted the efforts of Jama to increase the Jama of village and prevented zamindari official from executing their duties.
- Sometimes they also purchased the auctioned property of zamindar.
- Joiedar played an important role in weakening of zamindari system. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Bengal and the Zamindars:
- Colonial rule was first established in Bengal. In Bengal, East India Company tried to reorder the rural society and establish new land rights and new revenue system.
- There was an auction held at Burdwan in 1797, which was popularly known as Grand Public Event.
- Company fixed the revenue and each zamindar was supposed to pay. This fixing of revenue was done under the Permanent Settlement and it become operational from year 1793.
- The Zamindars who failed to pay the revenue, their estate was auctioned to recover the revenue. But sometimes it was found that the purchasers at auction were servants and agents of the zamindar himself, e.g. auction in Burdwan. Hence, statement 4 is not correct.
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Consider the following options.1. The fifth report submitted to the British Parliament in 1813 AD.2. Jotedars were quite powerful.3. Santhals were a great danger to Paharis.4. No Zamindari was auctioned in Bengala)1, 2 and 4b)2, 3 and 4c)1, 2 and 3d)1, 2, 3, 4Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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