Neo-Darwinism and the Development of New Species

Neo-Darwinism is an extension of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which proposes that new species develop through a combination of genetic mutations and natural selection. This theory combines Darwin's original ideas with the knowledge of genetics that has been acquired since his time. The correct answer to the question is option 'C' - mutations with natural selection.

Mutations
Mutations are random changes in the genetic material of an organism. They can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or as a result of exposure to certain environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful to an organism.

Natural Selection
Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time. It occurs when individuals with certain advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genes to the next generation.

Combining Mutations and Natural Selection
Neo-Darwinism proposes that new species develop through the combined action of mutations and natural selection. Here's how this process works:

1. Mutations introduce genetic variation: Mutations create new genetic variations within a population. These variations can result in differences in traits such as color, size, or behavior.

2. Natural selection acts on the variations: Natural selection favors individuals with traits that increase their chances of survival and reproduction in a given environment. For example, if a mutation results in a camouflage pattern that helps an organism blend in with its surroundings, individuals with this trait may be more likely to survive and pass on their genes.

3. Reproduction and inheritance: Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes to the next generation. Over time, the frequency of these advantageous traits increases in the population.

4. Accumulation of changes: As mutations continue to occur and natural selection continues to act, new traits can accumulate in a population. These accumulated changes can eventually lead to the development of new species.

Conclusion
In summary, Neo-Darwinism proposes that new species develop through a combination of genetic mutations and natural selection. Mutations introduce genetic variation, while natural selection acts on this variation, favoring individuals with advantageous traits. Over time, these accumulated changes can lead to the development of new species.