There are several rock associations or formations mentioned in the syllabus for UPSC exams. These associations or formations are important for understanding the geological history and processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Below are some of the specific rock associations or formations mentioned in the syllabus:

1. Igneous Rocks:
- Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten materials, such as magma or lava.
- They are classified into two types: intrusive (formed beneath the Earth's surface) and extrusive (formed on the Earth's surface).
- Examples of igneous rock associations mentioned in the syllabus include the Deccan Traps in India and the Columbia River Basalt Group in North America.

2. Sedimentary Rocks:
- Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and lithification of sediments.
- They are classified into three types: clastic (formed from the accumulation of rock fragments), chemical (formed from the precipitation of minerals), and organic (formed from the accumulation of organic matter).
- Examples of sedimentary rock associations mentioned in the syllabus include the Gondwana Sediments in India and the Grand Canyon Supergroup in North America.

3. Metamorphic Rocks:
- Metamorphic rocks are formed through the transformation of pre-existing rocks under high temperature and pressure.
- They exhibit changes in mineralogy, texture, and sometimes even chemical composition.
- Examples of metamorphic rock associations mentioned in the syllabus include the Aravalli Range in India and the Scottish Highlands in Europe.

4. Fossil Associations:
- Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
- They provide valuable information about past life forms, climate, and geological history.
- Examples of fossil associations mentioned in the syllabus include the Siwalik Hills in India and the Burgess Shale in Canada.

5. Rock Formations:
- Rock formations refer to distinct layers or units of rocks that are geologically significant.
- They are often named based on their location, characteristics, or historical significance.
- Examples of rock formations mentioned in the syllabus include the Vindhyan Supergroup in India and the Appalachian Mountains in North America.

In conclusion, the syllabus for UPSC exams mentions several rock associations or formations that are important for understanding Earth's geological history. These include igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock associations, as well as fossil associations and specific rock formations. Understanding these concepts is crucial for the study of geology and the Earth sciences.