Tropical Soils: Laterite Soil

Laterite soil is formed in areas with high temperatures and intense leaching due to tropical rains. It is the correct answer to the given question. Now let's understand why laterite soil is formed in such areas.

Formation of Laterite Soil:
1. High Temperatures: In tropical regions, the temperatures are high throughout the year. The high temperatures accelerate the weathering process of parent rock material.

2. Intense Leaching: Tropical regions receive heavy rainfall, which leads to intense leaching. Leaching is the process by which minerals and nutrients are washed away from the soil due to excessive water. The intense leaching in tropical areas causes the washing away of soluble nutrients from the soil.

3. Weathering and Decomposition: The combination of high temperatures and intense leaching causes the weathering and decomposition of rocks. This leads to the formation of residual soils rich in iron and aluminum oxides.

4. Laterization: Laterization is the key process in the formation of laterite soil. It is a process of leaching and enrichment that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The leaching of silica, lime, and other soluble materials results in the accumulation of iron and aluminum oxides.

Characteristics of Laterite Soil:
1. Reddish Color: Laterite soil is typically reddish in color due to the presence of iron oxides.

2. Porous and Well-Drained: It has a porous and well-drained structure, allowing water to percolate easily through it.

3. Low Fertility: Due to intense leaching, laterite soil is generally nutrient deficient and has low fertility. The soluble nutrients get washed away, leaving behind the iron and aluminum oxides.

4. Hard when Dry, Soft when Wet: Laterite soil becomes hard when dry and soft when wet. This property makes it challenging for agricultural activities.

Uses of Laterite Soil:
1. Building Material: Laterite soil is commonly used as a building material in tropical regions. It can be easily cut into blocks and used for construction purposes.

2. Road Construction: Laterite soil is also used for road construction due to its ability to harden when dry.

In conclusion, laterite soil is formed in areas with high temperatures and intense leaching due to tropical rains. Its formation involves weathering, leaching, and laterization processes. Laterite soil is characterized by its reddish color, low fertility, and porous structure. It is widely used as a building material and for road construction in tropical regions.