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With reference to corals, consider the following statements:
1. Corals are marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
2. Black corals do not have symbiotic algae associated with them and typically found at greater depths of oceans.
3. Many species of corals have growth rings that can be used to reconstruct past climate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 3 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
With reference to corals, consider thefollowing statements:1. Corals a...
  • Corals are marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia is the largest coral reef system in the world. It has been designated a World Heritage Site and is one of the world’s seven natural wonders. It can also be seen from outer space. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • All black corals have a skeleton made of protein and chitin (the same material as an insect skeleton). In addition, black corals do not have symbiotic algae associated with them, and they do not require light which enables them to extend into depths where light is not present. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • Many species of corals also have growth rings similar to those of trees. Scientists can extract cores from coral, and the coral growth rings can be used to reconstruct past climate in the tropical and subtropical regions. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
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Most Upvoted Answer
With reference to corals, consider thefollowing statements:1. Corals a...
Explanation:

Statement 1: Corals are marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
- This statement is correct. Corals are indeed marine invertebrates that belong to the phylum Cnidaria. They are simple animals that are often mistaken for plants due to their coral reefs, which are made up of calcium carbonate skeletons.

Statement 2: Black corals do not have symbiotic algae associated with them and typically found at greater depths of oceans.
- This statement is also correct. Black corals, also known as Antipatharia, do not have symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) associated with them. Unlike many other coral species, they do not rely on zooxanthellae for their energy needs. Black corals are typically found at greater depths in the oceans, often below 50 meters.

Statement 3: Many species of corals have growth rings that can be used to reconstruct past climate.
- This statement is correct as well. Many species of corals have growth rings, similar to tree rings, that can be used to reconstruct past climate conditions. These growth rings, known as annual density bands or skeletogenesis, can provide valuable information about temperature, salinity, and other environmental factors during the coral's lifespan.

Conclusion:
All three statements are correct. Corals are marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. Black corals do not have symbiotic algae associated with them and are found at greater depths of the oceans. Many species of corals have growth rings that can be used to reconstruct past climate conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D', i.e., 1, 2, and 3.
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With reference to corals, consider thefollowing statements:1. Corals are marine invertebratesbelonging to the phylum Cnidaria.2. Black corals do not have symbiotic algaeassociated with them and typically foundat greater depths of oceans.3. Many species of corals have growth ringsthat can be used to reconstruct pastclimate.Which of the statements given above is/arecorrect?a)1 and 3 onlyb)2 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2025 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about With reference to corals, consider thefollowing statements:1. Corals are marine invertebratesbelonging to the phylum Cnidaria.2. Black corals do not have symbiotic algaeassociated with them and typically foundat greater depths of oceans.3. Many species of corals have growth ringsthat can be used to reconstruct pastclimate.Which of the statements given above is/arecorrect?a)1 and 3 onlyb)2 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for With reference to corals, consider thefollowing statements:1. Corals are marine invertebratesbelonging to the phylum Cnidaria.2. Black corals do not have symbiotic algaeassociated with them and typically foundat greater depths of oceans.3. Many species of corals have growth ringsthat can be used to reconstruct pastclimate.Which of the statements given above is/arecorrect?a)1 and 3 onlyb)2 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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