50S, roughly equivalent to the 60S ribosomal subunit in eukaryotic cells, is the larger subunit of the 70S ribosome of prokaryotes. The 50S subunit is primarily composed of proteins but also contains single-stranded RNA known as ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

The Structure of Prokaryotic Ribosomes:

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis in all living organisms. Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller in size and have a simpler structure compared to eukaryotic ribosomes. Prokaryotic ribosomes consist of two subunits, a smaller 30S subunit, and a larger 50S subunit, which combine to form a functional 70S ribosome.

The Function of Prokaryotic Ribosomes:

The function of ribosomes is to translate the genetic code from messenger RNA (mRNA) into a specific sequence of amino acids that make up a protein. During the process of translation, the ribosome reads the genetic code in the mRNA and uses it to assemble a chain of amino acids, which are linked together to form a protein.

The Size of Prokaryotic Ribosomes:

Prokaryotic ribosomes are measured in terms of their sedimentation coefficient, which is a measure of how quickly they move in a centrifugal field. The larger the sedimentation coefficient, the larger the ribosome. Prokaryotic ribosomes have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S, which is made up of the 30S and 50S subunits.

The Largest Subunit of Prokaryotic Ribosomes:

The 50S subunit is the larger of the two subunits that make up the prokaryotic ribosome. It is composed of 34 different proteins and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules, 23S rRNA, and 5S rRNA. The 50S subunit is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is option 'D', 50S, as it is the largest subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome and is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis.

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