Socio-economic differences in Harappan society
One of the ways in which archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society is through the examination of material remains such as artifacts, tools, architecture, and burial practices. These archaeological findings provide insights into the social structure, economic activities, and living standards of different groups within the society.

Differences noticed by archaeologists
- **Urban planning:** Archaeologists have observed variations in the layout and construction of cities and settlements, suggesting differences in socio-economic status. For example, the presence of well-planned streets, drainage systems, and public baths in some areas indicates a higher level of organization and resources.
- **Housing:** Variations in the size, design, and materials used in residential buildings indicate differences in wealth and social status. Wealthier individuals or families may have had larger, more elaborate houses with amenities such as private wells or bathrooms.
- **Craft specialization:** The presence of specialized craft workshops and tools in certain areas suggests the existence of skilled artisans and craftsmen who catered to the needs of the elite or traded their goods for a higher price. This indicates a division of labor and economic stratification.
- **Burial practices:** Differences in burial customs, grave goods, and burial sites indicate social hierarchy and status distinctions within the society. Wealthier individuals may have been buried with valuable items or in elaborate tombs, while commoners may have had simpler burials.
By analyzing these archaeological findings and patterns, archaeologists can reconstruct the socio-economic dynamics of Harappan society and understand the complexities of ancient civilizations.