Functions of Rulers in Harappan Society:

Political Administration:
- Rulers in Harappan society may have performed political functions such as maintaining law and order, settling disputes, and making decisions for the welfare of the community.
- They could have been responsible for organizing resources, planning infrastructure, and overseeing the implementation of projects for the benefit of the society.

Trade and Commerce:
- Rulers might have played a crucial role in facilitating trade and commerce within and outside the Harappan civilization.
- They may have regulated trade routes, imposed taxes on goods, and maintained diplomatic relations with neighboring regions for economic growth.

Religious and Ritualistic Activities:
- Rulers in Harappan society could have been involved in religious and ritualistic activities to maintain social cohesion and spiritual harmony.
- They might have performed ceremonies, rituals, and sacrifices to appease gods, ensure fertility, and seek protection for the community.

Infrastructure Development:
- Rulers may have overseen the construction of public buildings, granaries, reservoirs, and other infrastructure projects to support the growing population.
- They could have been responsible for urban planning, sanitation, and maintenance of public spaces for the well-being of the inhabitants.

Military and Defense:
- Rulers might have organized and led military campaigns to defend the Harappan civilization from external threats.
- They could have maintained a standing army, built fortifications, and implemented strategic measures to protect the society from invasions and raids.

Social and Cultural Integration:
- Rulers in Harappan society may have played a significant role in promoting social harmony, cultural exchange, and integration among diverse communities.
- They could have hosted festivals, feasts, and gatherings to foster unity, diversity, and inclusivity within the civilization.
In conclusion, rulers in Harappan society likely performed a wide range of functions to ensure the stability, prosperity, and growth of the civilization. Their roles encompassed political, economic, religious, military, and social aspects, reflecting a complex and sophisticated system of governance and administration in ancient times.