Distance from the Sun and Time Taken to Orbit
The relationship between a planet's distance from the sun and the time it takes to orbit around it is governed by Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

Kepler's Third Law
Kepler's third law states that the square of the period of revolution of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis. In simpler terms, this means that the farther a planet is from the sun, the longer it takes to complete one orbit around it.

Explanation
- The semi-major axis of a planet's orbit is the average distance between the planet and the sun. Planets that are farther away from the sun have larger semi-major axes.
- According to Kepler's third law, the square of the period of revolution (the time it takes for a planet to complete one orbit) is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis.
- This relationship means that planets farther from the sun have longer orbital periods. For example, Neptune, the farthest planet from the sun in our solar system, takes about 165 years to orbit the sun, while Mercury, the closest planet, only takes about 88 days.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the distance of a planet from the sun directly impacts the time it takes to complete one orbit. Planets farther from the sun have longer orbital periods due to the relationship described by Kepler's third law. This fundamental principle helps us understand the dynamics of our solar system and the unique characteristics of each planet's orbit.