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1 .a ray of light enters into benzene from air. if refractive index of benzene is 1.50 , by what percent does the speed of light reduce on entering benzene?
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1 .a ray of light enters into benzene from air. if refractive index of...
Speed of Light Reduction in Benzene

Refractive Index of Benzene:
- The refractive index of a medium is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium.
- Given that the refractive index of benzene is 1.50.

Calculation of Speed Reduction:
- The speed of light in a medium is inversely proportional to the refractive index of the medium.
- Therefore, the speed of light in benzene is 1/1.50 = 0.67 times the speed of light in a vacuum.
- This means that the speed of light reduces by 33% (100% - 67%) on entering benzene.

Explanation:
- When light enters a medium like benzene, it experiences a change in speed due to the change in the medium's optical properties.
- The refractive index of benzene indicates how much the speed of light is reduced when it travels through benzene.
- In this case, the speed of light reduces by 33% upon entering benzene, which is a significant change in its speed.

Conclusion:
- The speed of light reduces by 33% upon entering benzene due to its refractive index of 1.50.
- Understanding the concept of refractive index helps in predicting how light behaves in different mediums, making it a crucial factor in optics and related fields.
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Passage 2It is essential that we mitigate the emissions of greenhouse gases .and thus avoid some of the worst impacts of climate change that would take place in coming years and decades. Mitigation would require a major shift in the way we produce and consume energy. A shift away from overwhelming dependence on fossil fuels is now long overdue, but unfortunately, technological development has been slow arid inadequate largely because government policies have not promoted investments in research and development, myopically as a result of relatively low prices of oil. It is now, therefore, imperative for a country like India treating the opportunity of harnessing renewable energy on a large scale as a national imperative. This country is extremely well endowed with solar, wind and biomass sources of energy. Where we have lagged, unfortunately, is in our ability to develop and to create technological solutions for harnessing these resources.One particular trajectory for carrying out stringent mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions assessed by the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) clearly shows the need for ensuring that global emissions of greenhouse gases peak no later than 2015 and reduce rapidly thereafter. The cost associated with such a trajectory is truly modest and would amount, in the estimation of IPCC, to not more than 3 percent of the global GDP in 2030. In other words, the level of prosperity that the world would have reached without mitigation would at worst be postponed by a few months or a year at the most. This is clearly not a very high price to pay for protecting hundreds of millions of people from the worst risks associated with climate change. Any such effort, however, would require lifestyles to change appropriately also. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is not a mere technological fix, and clearly requires changes in lifestyles and transformation of a countrys economic structure, whereby effective reduction in emissions is brought about, such as through the consumption of much lower quantities of animal protein. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has determined that the emissions from the livestock sector amount to 18 percent of the total. The reduction of emissions from this source is entirely in the hands of human beings, who have never questioned the impacts that their dietary habits of consuming more and more animal protein are bringing about. Mitigation overall has huge co-benefits, such as lower air pollution and health benefits, higher energy security and greater employment.Q.According to the passage, how does the mitigation of greenhouse gases help us?1. Reduces expenditure on public health2. Reduces dependence on livestock3. Reduces energy requirements4. Reduces rate of global climate change

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1 .a ray of light enters into benzene from air. if refractive index of benzene is 1.50 , by what percent does the speed of light reduce on entering benzene?
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