Coming Together Federation:
Coming together federation is a type of federal system where separate states or regions come together to form a single political entity. It is characterized by the voluntary union of independent states to form a new country. Here are the key features of a coming together federation:
- Voluntary Union: In a coming together federation, states voluntarily decide to join together to form a new federal entity. This union is based on mutual agreement and consent of the participating states.
- Unitary in Origin: The central government in a coming together federation is usually created by the constituent states. The powers of the central government are delegated by the states, and it only has the authority granted to it by the states.
- Equal Representation: Each state in a coming together federation typically has an equal representation in the central government. This ensures that all states have a voice in the federal decision-making process.

Holding Together Federation:
Holding together federation is a type of federal system where a central government holds together a group of states or regions with diverse cultural, linguistic, or ethnic backgrounds. Here are the key features of a holding together federation:
- Centralized Authority: In a holding together federation, the central government has the authority to hold together the diverse states or regions. It may have the power to intervene in state affairs to maintain unity and integrity.
- Asymmetric Representation: Unlike a coming together federation, a holding together federation may have asymmetric representation, where states or regions with larger populations or greater economic importance have more representation in the central government.
- Cultural Autonomy: Holding together federations often allow for cultural autonomy for states or regions to preserve their unique identities. This can include language rights, cultural programs, and other measures to protect diversity.