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Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):
NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effect
CN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effect
CHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effect
COOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effect
NF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effect
F (Fluorine): Strong -I effect
Cl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effect
Br (Bromine): Moderate -I effect
I (Iodine): Weak -I effect
OH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effect
OR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effect
O (Ether): Weak -I effect
NH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)
NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)
CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect
1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect
2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect
3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effect
SiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effect
CD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effect
CH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effect
H (Hydrogen): Neutral
T (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)
D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)
H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)
Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effects
Strained ring: Context-dependent
C≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?
NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effect
CN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effect
CHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effect
COOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effect
NF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effect
F (Fluorine): Strong -I effect
Cl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effect
Br (Bromine): Moderate -I effect
I (Iodine): Weak -I effect
OH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effect
OR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effect
O (Ether): Weak -I effect
NH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)
NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)
CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect
1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect
2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect
3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effect
SiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effect
CD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effect
CH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effect
H (Hydrogen): Neutral
T (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)
D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)
H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)
Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effects
Strained ring: Context-dependent
C≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?
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Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to ...
Inductive Effects Explained
Inductive effects refer to the permanent polarization of a chemical bond due to the electronegativity differences between atoms. These effects can be categorized as electron-withdrawing (-I) or electron-donating (+I) groups.
-I Effects (Electron-Withdrawing)
- NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effect due to high electronegativity.
- CN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effect, pulling electron density away from adjacent atoms.
- CHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effect, influenced by the carbonyl group.
- COOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effect, highly electronegative oxygen atoms.
- NF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effect, fluorine's high electronegativity dominates.
- F (Fluorine): Strong -I effect, the most electronegative element.
- Cl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effect, less than fluorine but still significant.
- Br (Bromine): Moderate -I effect, similar to chlorine but weaker.
- I (Iodine): Weak -I effect, least electronegative among halogens.
- O (Ether): Weak -I effect, oxygen's influence decreases in ethers.
+I Effects (Electron-Donating)
- OH (Hydroxyl): Moderate +I effect; capable of resonance stabilization.
- OR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effect, contributes electron density.
- NH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect, can engage in resonance with neighboring pie systems.
- NH (Amines): Weak +I effect, slightly less than NH₂.
- CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect, donating some electron density.
- 1° Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect, minimal electron donation.
- 2° Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect, enhances electron density more than 1°.
- 3° Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effect, substantial electron donation.
- SiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effect, similar to alkyl groups.
- H (Hydrogen): Neutral, no significant inductive effect.
Neutral and Context-Dependent Effects
- Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but shows resonance effects that can influence reactivity.
- Strained ring: Context-dependent, may exhibit varying effects.
- C≡C
Inductive effects refer to the permanent polarization of a chemical bond due to the electronegativity differences between atoms. These effects can be categorized as electron-withdrawing (-I) or electron-donating (+I) groups.
-I Effects (Electron-Withdrawing)
- NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effect due to high electronegativity.
- CN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effect, pulling electron density away from adjacent atoms.
- CHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effect, influenced by the carbonyl group.
- COOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effect, highly electronegative oxygen atoms.
- NF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effect, fluorine's high electronegativity dominates.
- F (Fluorine): Strong -I effect, the most electronegative element.
- Cl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effect, less than fluorine but still significant.
- Br (Bromine): Moderate -I effect, similar to chlorine but weaker.
- I (Iodine): Weak -I effect, least electronegative among halogens.
- O (Ether): Weak -I effect, oxygen's influence decreases in ethers.
+I Effects (Electron-Donating)
- OH (Hydroxyl): Moderate +I effect; capable of resonance stabilization.
- OR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effect, contributes electron density.
- NH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect, can engage in resonance with neighboring pie systems.
- NH (Amines): Weak +I effect, slightly less than NH₂.
- CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect, donating some electron density.
- 1° Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect, minimal electron donation.
- 2° Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect, enhances electron density more than 1°.
- 3° Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effect, substantial electron donation.
- SiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effect, similar to alkyl groups.
- H (Hydrogen): Neutral, no significant inductive effect.
Neutral and Context-Dependent Effects
- Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but shows resonance effects that can influence reactivity.
- Strained ring: Context-dependent, may exhibit varying effects.
- C≡C
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Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?
Question Description
Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? for NEET 2024 is part of NEET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Information about Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? covers all topics & solutions for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?.
Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? for NEET 2024 is part of NEET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Information about Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? covers all topics & solutions for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?.
Solutions for Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for NEET.
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Here you can find the meaning of Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of
Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?, a detailed solution for Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? has been provided alongside types of Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? theory, EduRev gives you an
ample number of questions to practice Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? tests, examples and also practice NEET tests.
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