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Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):
NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effect
CN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effect
CHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effect
COOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effect
NF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effect
F (Fluorine): Strong -I effect
Cl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effect
Br (Bromine): Moderate -I effect
I (Iodine): Weak -I effect
OH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effect
OR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effect
O (Ether): Weak -I effect
NH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)
NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)
CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect
1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect
2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect
3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effect
SiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effect
CD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effect
CH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effect
H (Hydrogen): Neutral
T (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)
D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)
H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)
Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effects
Strained ring: Context-dependent
C≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?
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Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to ...
Inductive Effects Explained
Inductive effects refer to the permanent polarization of a chemical bond due to the electronegativity differences between atoms. These effects can be categorized as electron-withdrawing (-I) or electron-donating (+I) groups.
-I Effects (Electron-Withdrawing)
- NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effect due to high electronegativity.
- CN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effect, pulling electron density away from adjacent atoms.
- CHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effect, influenced by the carbonyl group.
- COOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effect, highly electronegative oxygen atoms.
- NF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effect, fluorine's high electronegativity dominates.
- F (Fluorine): Strong -I effect, the most electronegative element.
- Cl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effect, less than fluorine but still significant.
- Br (Bromine): Moderate -I effect, similar to chlorine but weaker.
- I (Iodine): Weak -I effect, least electronegative among halogens.
- O (Ether): Weak -I effect, oxygen's influence decreases in ethers.
+I Effects (Electron-Donating)
- OH (Hydroxyl): Moderate +I effect; capable of resonance stabilization.
- OR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effect, contributes electron density.
- NH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect, can engage in resonance with neighboring pie systems.
- NH (Amines): Weak +I effect, slightly less than NH₂.
- CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect, donating some electron density.
- 1° Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect, minimal electron donation.
- 2° Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect, enhances electron density more than 1°.
- 3° Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effect, substantial electron donation.
- SiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effect, similar to alkyl groups.
- H (Hydrogen): Neutral, no significant inductive effect.
Neutral and Context-Dependent Effects
- Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but shows resonance effects that can influence reactivity.
- Strained ring: Context-dependent, may exhibit varying effects.
- C≡C
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Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?
Question Description
Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? for NEET 2024 is part of NEET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Information about Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? covers all topics & solutions for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?.
Solutions for Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for NEET. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for NEET Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect?, a detailed solution for Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? has been provided alongside types of Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Inductive effects (I.E.), from strongest electron-withdrawing (-I) to weakest or electron-donating (+I):NO₂ (Nitro group): Strongest -I effectCN (Nitrile group): Strong -I effectCHO (Aldehyde): Strong -I effectCOOH (Carboxylic acid): Strong -I effectNF₃ (Trifluoroamine): Strong -I effectF (Fluorine): Strong -I effectCl (Chlorine): Moderate -I effectBr (Bromine): Moderate -I effectI (Iodine): Weak -I effectOH (Hydroxyl): Moderate -I effectOR (Alkoxy, e.g., OCH₃): Weak +I effectO (Ether): Weak -I effectNH₂ (Amino): Weak +I effect (can show resonance)NH (Amines): Weak +I effect (less than NH₂)CH₂ (Methylene): Weak +I effect1� Alkyl (e.g., -CH₃): Weak +I effect2� Alkyl (e.g., -C₂H₅): Moderate +I effect3� Alkyl (e.g., -C₃H₇): Stronger +I effectSiH₃ (Silyl): Weak +I effectCD₃ (Deuteromethyl): Weak +I effectCH₃ (Methyl): Weak +I effectH (Hydrogen): NeutralT (Tritium): Neutral (similar to H)D (Deuterium): Neutral (similar to H)H⁺ (Proton): Neutral (highly reactive)Phenyl ring (C₆H₅): Neutral, but has resonance effectsStrained ring: Context-dependentC≡C−CH (Alkyne): Weak +I effect? tests, examples and also practice NEET tests.
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