The red cap (also known as the Phrygian cap) worn by the Sans Culottes in France symbolised Liberty during the French Revolution. Here is a breakdown of the symbolism behind the red cap:

Historical Background:
During the ancient times, the Phrygian cap was worn by the freed slaves in Rome and was a symbol of their freedom. The cap was also worn by the rebels who fought against the Roman Empire, and later became a symbol of resistance against oppression.

Symbolism during the French Revolution:
1. Liberty: The red cap was adopted by the Sans Culottes, who were the common people of France and played a vital role in the French Revolution. They believed that wearing the red cap would symbolise their fight for freedom and equality.

2. Anti-Monarchy: The red cap was seen as a symbol of defiance against the monarchy and aristocracy. The Sans Culottes believed that wearing the cap would show their rejection of the traditional hierarchy and their support for a new order based on the principles of liberty and equality.

3. Unity: The red cap was also seen as a symbol of unity among different social classes. The Sans Culottes used it to show that they were all equal in their struggle against oppression and that they were united in their fight for a better future.

In conclusion, the red cap worn by the Sans Culottes in France during the French Revolution symbolised Liberty, anti-monarchy and unity. It was a powerful symbol of resistance against oppression and a call for a new order based on the principles of liberty, equality and fraternity.