Introduction: Federalism refers to the division of power and responsibilities between the central and state governments. In India, the judiciary plays an important role in ensuring the smooth functioning of federalism.

Role of Judiciary in Indian Federalism:

1. Interpretation of the Constitution: The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land. The judiciary interprets the Constitution and ensures that both the central and state governments abide by it. It resolves disputes between the central and state governments regarding the division of power and responsibilities.

2. Protection of Fundamental Rights: The Constitution guarantees certain fundamental rights to Indian citizens. The judiciary is responsible for protecting these rights and ensuring that they are not violated by the central or state governments. This ensures that the division of power between the central and state governments does not infringe upon the rights of citizens.

3. Resolution of Disputes: The Constitution provides for a mechanism to resolve disputes between the central and state governments. The judiciary plays an important role in resolving such disputes by interpreting the Constitution and ensuring that both the central and state governments comply with their respective roles and responsibilities.

4. Protecting the Interests of States: The judiciary safeguards the interests of states by ensuring that the central government does not infringe upon their powers and responsibilities. It also ensures that the central government does not use its powers to discriminate against any particular state.

5. Ensuring the Rule of Law: The judiciary is responsible for ensuring that the rule of law is maintained in the country. It ensures that both the central and state governments abide by the law and do not violate the Constitution. This ensures that federalism functions smoothly and effectively in India.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the judiciary plays a critical role in ensuring the smooth functioning of federalism in India. It interprets the Constitution, protects fundamental rights, resolves disputes, protects the interests of states, and ensures the rule of law. Without the judiciary, federalism in India would not function effectively.