What are the indian features of federalism?

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*Feature are:-

1 There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.

2 Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.

3 The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution.

4 The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.

5 Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government.

Answer

Answer

**Indian Features of Federalism**

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various regional units. In the case of India, federalism plays a crucial role in maintaining the unity and diversity of the country. Here are some key Indian features of federalism:

**1. Written Constitution:** India has a written constitution that clearly defines the powers and responsibilities of the central government and the state governments. The constitution acts as a source of authority and limits the powers of both levels of government.

**2. Dual Polity:** Indian federalism establishes a dual polity, with power shared between the central government and the state governments. Each level of government has its own sphere of authority and can make laws on matters assigned to it.

**3. Division of Powers:** The Indian Constitution provides for a clear division of powers between the central and state governments. The Union List includes subjects on which only the central government can make laws, the State List includes subjects on which only the state governments can make laws, and the Concurrent List includes subjects on which both levels of government can make laws.

**4. Supremacy of the Constitution:** The Indian federal system is based on the principle of the supremacy of the constitution. Both the central and state governments must exercise their powers within the limits set by the constitution. In case of a conflict, the constitution acts as the final arbiter.

**5. Independent Judiciary:** The Indian federal system is supported by an independent judiciary that interprets the constitution and resolves disputes between the central and state governments. The Supreme Court plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance between the two levels of government.

**6. Residual Powers:** Unlike some federal systems, India gives residual powers to the central government. These powers, not specifically assigned to either level of government, are vested in the central government. This ensures that the central government can intervene in case of emergencies or when the need arises.

**7. Flexible and Rigid Provisions:** The Indian Constitution provides for both flexible and rigid provisions. Some provisions can be amended with a simple majority, while others require a special majority or the consent of the states. This allows for a balance between the need for central authority and the protection of state interests.

**8. Integrated Judiciary:** India has an integrated judiciary, where the Supreme Court acts as the guardian of the constitution and has the power of judicial review. It ensures uniformity in the interpretation and application of laws across the country.

**Conclusion**

Indian federalism is a unique blend of central authority and regional autonomy. The features mentioned above ensure a balance of power between the central and state governments, promoting unity while respecting the diversity of the country. This system has played a crucial role in maintaining the democratic fabric of India.

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