Main Features of Federalism :(i) There are two or more levels of government. India has three levels.(ii) Each level of government has its own jurisdiction in matters of legislation, taxation, and administration even though they govern the same citizens.(iii) Powers and functions of each tier of government are specified and guaranteed by Constitution.(iv) The Supreme Court has been given the power to settle disputes between federal governments.(v) Fundamental provisions of Constitution cannot be altered by any one level of government. It applies to India also.(vi) Sources of revenue between different levels are specified by Constitution.(vii) There are mutual trust and agreement between the government at different levels.

The main features of are 1 in federal government have been written constitution 2 In federation constitution is supreme power 3 there have rigid constitution 4 division of power between center and state 5 in federation government have independent judiciary

Federalism:

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. It is characterized by the coexistence of two levels of government, each with its own set of powers and responsibilities. Here are the key features of federalism:

1. Division of Powers:
- Federalism involves the division of powers between the central government and regional governments.
- The central government has powers that are enumerated in the constitution, such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency.
- Regional governments, often called states or provinces, have their own set of powers that are not explicitly given to the central government.

2. Dual Government:
- Federalism establishes a dual government system where both the central and regional governments have their own separate spheres of authority.
- Each level of government is autonomous and exercises its powers independently within its own jurisdiction.
- This helps to prevent concentration of power and allows for more local decision-making.

3. Written Constitution:
- Federalism is usually associated with a written constitution that delineates the powers of the central and regional governments.
- The constitution serves as a fundamental law that establishes the framework for the division of powers and the functioning of the federal system.
- It also provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between the central and regional governments.

4. Supremacy of the Constitution:
- In a federal system, the constitution is the supreme law of the land and all levels of government must abide by it.
- The constitution outlines the powers and limitations of each level of government, ensuring that neither the central nor regional governments can exceed their authority.

5. Independent Judiciary:
- Federalism requires an independent judiciary to interpret the constitution and resolve disputes between the central and regional governments.
- The judiciary acts as a check on the powers of both levels of government, ensuring that they adhere to the constitutional framework and respect each other's authority.

6. Cooperative Relations:
- Federalism promotes cooperative relations between the central and regional governments.
- While each level of government has its own independent powers, they often need to work together to address common issues and challenges.
- Cooperative federalism encourages collaboration and coordination between different levels of government to achieve shared goals.

7. Protection of Regional Interests:
- Federalism provides a mechanism for protecting regional interests and maintaining diversity within a country.
- Regional governments have the ability to address local needs and concerns, allowing for tailored policies and governance.
- This helps to accommodate the diverse cultural, linguistic, and economic characteristics of different regions within a country.

8. Flexibility and Adaptability:
- Federalism allows for flexibility and adaptability in governance.
- As regions have the authority to make decisions within their jurisdiction, they can respond more effectively to local needs and preferences.
- This flexibility enables experimentation with different policies and approaches, fostering innovation and progress.

In conclusion, federalism is characterized by the division of powers between the central and regional governments, the existence of a written constitution, the supremacy of the constitution, an independent judiciary, cooperative relations, protection of regional interests, and flexibility in governance. This system aims to balance centralized authority with regional autonomy, promoting effective governance and accommodating diverse interests within a country.