• labour were available at lower wages.• in seasonal industry growth onlY seasonal labour required. • the demand oF market fOr specific length, variety's colour nd design couldn't be fulfilled bY machine made clOthes handmade were preferred bY elite.

Factors responsible for the growth of national consciousness in India during the 19th century:

1. British Colonial Rule: The oppressive policies and exploitative practices of the British colonial rule in India played a significant role in fostering national consciousness. The British introduced various discriminatory laws and policies which led to widespread discontent among the Indian population. The economic exploitation, cultural repression, and political subjugation fueled a sense of unity and desire for freedom among Indians.

2. Impact of Western Education: The introduction of Western education in India during the 19th century played a crucial role in shaping national consciousness. The spread of English education created a class of educated Indians who were exposed to ideas of democracy, nationalism, and freedom. This education led to the emergence of a new intellectual class that became aware of India's history, cultural heritage, and the need to fight against British domination.

3. Social and Religious Reform Movements: Various social and religious reform movements emerged during the 19th century, which contributed to the growth of national consciousness. These movements, such as the Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, and the Theosophical Society, aimed to revive Indian traditions, promote social equality, and challenge oppressive practices. They emphasized the idea of a united Indian society and played a vital role in mobilizing people towards the cause of nationalism.

4. Role of Indian Nationalists: The efforts of Indian nationalists like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, Dadabhai Naoroji, and others played a significant role in fostering national consciousness. These leaders advocated for the rights of Indians, highlighted the importance of self-governance, and worked towards the establishment of a united India. They inspired and mobilized the masses, creating a sense of pride and unity among Indians.

5. Indian Press and Literature: The emergence of Indian newspapers, magazines, and literary works in various regional languages played a crucial role in spreading nationalist ideas and sentiments. These publications exposed the atrocities of the British rule, highlighted the rich Indian heritage, and advocated for national unity and independence. They served as a platform for intellectuals to express their ideas and played a pivotal role in shaping public opinion.

6. Revival of Indian Culture: The efforts to revive Indian culture and heritage during the 19th century helped in fostering national consciousness. The rediscovery of ancient texts, promotion of Indian art, music, and literature, and the celebration of Indian festivals and traditions instilled a sense of pride and identity among Indians. This cultural revival played a significant role in uniting people under a common Indian identity.

In conclusion, the growth of national consciousness in India during the 19th century was influenced by various factors including British colonial rule, the impact of Western education, social and religious reform movements, the role of Indian nationalists, the Indian press and literature, and the revival of Indian culture. These factors collectively contributed to the development of a strong sense of national identity and the desire for independence from British rule.