Select the correct statement:a)The translocation in phloem is unidirec...
Pinus seeds cannot germinate without mycorrhizae due to lack of water as because the mycorrhizal symbiotic association
helps the plant in formation of root.
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Select the correct statement:a)The translocation in phloem is unidirec...
Pinus seeds cannot germinate without mycorrhizae due to lack of water.As the mycorrhizal symbiotic association
helps the plant in formation of root.
Select the correct statement:a)The translocation in phloem is unidirec...
Promotion of germination and establishment by mycorrhizae in Pinus seeds
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots. They play a crucial role in the germination and establishment of Pinus seeds. The correct statement in this case is option B, which states that Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without the presence of mycorrhizae.
Explanation:
Pinus seeds and their unique characteristics
- Pinus, commonly known as pine, is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees. It belongs to the family Pinaceae.
- Pinus seeds are produced in cones and are characterized by their large size and high oil content.
- These seeds have a hard seed coat that protects them from desiccation and predation.
Germination process and challenges
- Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant.
- For germination to occur, the seed must absorb water and undergo metabolic changes.
- However, Pinus seeds face several challenges for successful germination due to their hard seed coat and high oil content.
Role of mycorrhizae in germination
- Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots.
- These associations are mutualistic, benefiting both the fungus and the plant.
- In the case of Pinus seeds, mycorrhizae play a crucial role in breaking down the seed coat and facilitating germination.
- The fungi associated with Pinus seeds release enzymes that degrade the seed coat, allowing water to penetrate and initiate germination.
- The fungi also provide the seedling with essential nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which are necessary for its growth and establishment.
Importance of mycorrhizae for establishment
- In addition to promoting germination, mycorrhizae are essential for the establishment of Pinus seedlings.
- The fungal hyphae extend beyond the root system, increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption.
- They help in the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil, especially phosphorus, which is typically present in low concentrations.
- The association with mycorrhizae enhances the survival and growth of Pinus seedlings, especially in nutrient-poor soils.
Conclusion
Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without the presence of mycorrhizae. These mutualistic associations provide the necessary conditions and nutrients for successful germination and establishment of Pinus seedlings.
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