B) They wanted to overthrow the existing monarchs

During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, several liberal and radical movements emerged in countries like France, Italy, and Russia. These movements eventually turned into revolutionary forces with the aim of overthrowing the existing monarchies. Several factors contributed to the rise of revolutionary sentiments among liberals and radicals during this period.

1. Desire for political power:
- Liberals and radicals sought to concentrate political power in their own hands. They believed that the existing monarchies restricted their ability to influence political decisions and implement their ideological beliefs.
- They desired greater representation and participation in the decision-making processes of the state. Overthrowing the monarchies seemed like the most effective way to achieve this goal.

2. Opposition to absolute monarchy:
- The existing monarchies in France, Italy, and Russia were characterized by absolute power held by the monarchs. Liberals and radicals believed that this concentration of power was detrimental to the progress and well-being of the nation.
- They aimed to establish constitutional forms of government that would limit the authority of the monarch and distribute power among different branches of the state.

3. Advocacy for equality and social justice:
- Liberals and radicals were often proponents of equality and social justice. They believed in equal rights and opportunities for all citizens, irrespective of their social status or background.
- The existing monarchies, with their hierarchical structures and privileges for the nobility, were seen as perpetuating inequality and social injustices. Revolutionaries aimed to create a more egalitarian society through the overthrow of the monarchies.

4. Influence of Enlightenment ideas:
- The Enlightenment, an intellectual and philosophical movement of the 18th century, played a significant role in shaping the ideas of liberals and radicals.
- Enlightenment thinkers emphasized the importance of reason, individual rights, and the social contract between the state and its citizens. These ideas inspired liberals and radicals to challenge the legitimacy of the monarchies and advocate for revolutionary change.

In conclusion, liberals and radicals in France, Italy, Russia, and other countries became revolutionaries because they wanted to overthrow the existing monarchies. They sought to concentrate political power in their own hands, establish constitutional forms of government, advocate for equality and social justice, and were influenced by Enlightenment ideas. Through revolution, they aimed to bring about significant political, social, and economic transformations in their respective societies.