Maximum Volume at STP

At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), the temperature is 273 K and the pressure is 1 atmosphere (atm). At this condition, one mole of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L of volume. Therefore, the maximum volume at STP can be calculated for different substances.

1. 12.8g of SO2
To calculate the maximum volume occupied by 12.8g of SO2, we need to convert the mass to moles using the molar mass of SO2, which is 64 g/mol.
moles of SO2 = 12.8 g / 64 g/mol = 0.2 mol
Now, using the ideal gas law, we can calculate the volume occupied by 0.2 mol of SO2 at STP.
V = nRT/P = (0.2 mol)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(273 K) / 1 atm = 4.4 L

2. 6.02x10^23 molecules of CH4
To calculate the maximum volume occupied by 6.02x10^23 molecules of CH4, we need to convert the number of molecules to moles using Avogadro's number.
moles of CH4 = 6.02x10^23 / 6.022x10^23 mol^-1 = 1 mol
Therefore, the maximum volume occupied by 1 mol of CH4 at STP is 22.4 L.

3. 0.5 mol of NO2
To calculate the maximum volume occupied by 0.5 mol of NO2, we can use the ideal gas law.
V = nRT/P = (0.5 mol)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(273 K) / 1 atm = 11.2 L

4. 1 gram molecule of CO2
A gram molecule of CO2 is the amount of CO2 that has a mass of one mole. The molar mass of CO2 is 44 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of one gram molecule of CO2 is 44 g. To calculate the maximum volume occupied by one gram molecule of CO2 at STP, we can use the ideal gas law.
moles of CO2 = 1 g / 44 g/mol = 0.023 mol
V = nRT/P = (0.023 mol)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(273 K) / 1 atm = 0.5 L

Conclusion
In conclusion, the maximum volume occupied at STP depends on the amount and type of gas. The maximum volume is calculated using the ideal gas law, which relates the volume, pressure, temperature, and amount of gas. Therefore, the maximum volume occupied at STP by the substances given are:

1. 12.8g of SO2 = 4.4 L
2. 6.02x10^23 molecules of CH4 = 22.4 L
3. 0.5 mol of NO2 = 11.2 L
4. 1 gram molecule of CO2 = 0.5 L