Because kerla spent more than half of them income spent on HRD (Human Hesource Development) as education system and health development

Introduction
Kerala, a southern state in India, is known for its high human development index (HDI) despite having a low per capita income. This phenomenon has been widely studied, and there are several factors that explain why Kerala has a better HDI ranking than other Indian states.

Factors contributing to Kerala's high HDI ranking

1. Education: Kerala has achieved high levels of literacy and education, which has had a positive impact on its HDI ranking. The state has a literacy rate of 96.2%, which is much higher than the national average of 74.04%. This has led to a more educated population that is better able to access job opportunities and contribute to the economy.

2. Healthcare: Kerala has invested heavily in its healthcare system, which has led to better health outcomes for its citizens. The state has a lower infant mortality rate and higher life expectancy than the national average. This has been achieved through a combination of government investment, public-private partnerships, and community participation.

3. Social welfare: Kerala has a strong social welfare system that provides support to vulnerable groups such as women, children, and the elderly. This includes programs such as the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), which provides nutrition and healthcare to children under six years of age, and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), which guarantees 100 days of employment to rural households.

Reasons for low per capita income in Kerala

1. Agriculture-based economy: Kerala's economy is largely based on agriculture, which is a low-income sector. The state's small landholding size and limited agricultural resources mean that farmers have limited income-generating opportunities.

2. Limited industrialization: Kerala has not experienced the same level of industrialization as other Indian states, which has limited its income-generating potential. This is partly due to the state's geography, which makes it difficult to transport goods and raw materials.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Kerala's high HDI ranking is the result of investments in education, healthcare, and social welfare programs. These investments have had a positive impact on the state's human development outcomes, despite its low per capita income. While Kerala's economy may be limited by its reliance on agriculture and limited industrialization, the state's focus on human development has helped to mitigate the negative impacts of these factors.