In the 19th century , the balkan area inhabited by the salvs and was ruled by the ottoman empire . They try to modernise nationalism , the ottoman empire grew weak. Later the balkan states broke out and emerged as a new nations.The balkan area was filled with conflict. All the major european powers wanted to capture the balkan states and make it their own .This lead to world war 1.

A sentiment of Nationalism in the first half of the 19th century:  (i) Nationalist groups became increasingly intolerant, which leads to war.  (ii) Major European Powers manipulated the nationalist aspirations to further their own imperialist aims.  (iii) Source of nationalist tension in Europe was the area called Balkans.  (iv) Idea of romantic nationalism in the Balkan together with a disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive.  (v) One by one, European nationalities broke away from its control and declared independence.  (vi) Tire Balkan People based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality to prove that they were once interdependent but were  subjugated by foreign Power.  (vii) As the different, Slavic nationalities struggled to define their identity and independence, the Balkan area became an area of intense conflict.

Introduction:
Nationalism in the 19th century started off as an idealistic and liberal democratic sentiment. However, by the last quarter of the century, it had transformed into a narrow creed with limited ends. This shift can be attributed to several factors that altered the course of nationalist movements and ideologies during this period.

1. Rise of Imperialism:
- The late 19th century witnessed the expansion of European imperialism, with powerful nations seeking to establish colonies and dominate other regions.
- This shift towards imperialism led to a transformation in nationalist sentiments, as the focus shifted from liberal democratic ideals to a more narrow-minded pursuit of power and dominance.
- Nationalism became intertwined with the imperialistic ambitions of these powerful nations, resulting in a more exclusionary and aggressive form of nationalism.

2. Economic Factors:
- The industrial revolution and the resulting economic transformations had a significant impact on nationalist sentiments.
- As industrialization progressed, economic competition between nations intensified, leading to a greater emphasis on economic interests rather than the original ideals of nationalism.
- Nationalist movements increasingly sought to protect their own economic interests and establish dominance in global trade, leading to a narrowing of goals and a focus on limited ends.

3. Social and Cultural Factors:
- As nationalist movements gained momentum, they began to focus more on preserving and promoting specific cultural and ethnic identities.
- This led to a shift towards a more exclusionary form of nationalism, where the emphasis was on preserving the purity of a particular culture or ethnicity.
- This narrowed the scope of nationalist ideals, as they became more inward-looking and less concerned with the broader principles of democracy and liberalism.

4. Political Factors:
- The rise of authoritarian regimes and the consolidation of power by strong leaders during this period also contributed to the transformation of nationalism.
- These leaders often exploited nationalist sentiments for their own political gain, manipulating and distorting the original ideals of nationalism.
- Nationalism became a tool for these leaders to consolidate power and suppress dissent, further limiting its ends and narrowing its scope.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the nationalist sentiments of the late 19th century underwent a significant transformation, moving away from the idealistic and liberal democratic ideals of the earlier period. The rise of imperialism, economic factors, social and cultural shifts, and political developments all contributed to this change. Nationalism became a narrow creed with limited ends, focused more on power, dominance, and preservation of specific cultural identities. This transformation in nationalist sentiments had far-reaching consequences and shaped the course of events in the 20th century.