(i) To ensure increase in agricultural production, the government prioritised collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari system. 'Land reform' was the main focus of the First Five Year Plans. In the 1960s and 1970s, agricultural reforms were the order of the day. The Green Revolution and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were aimed at improving Indian agricultural productivity. During the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated. Under this, various technical and institutional reforms were introduced by the government for the benefit of farmers, e.g., Minimum Support Price policy, provision for crop insurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilisers, Grameen banks, Kissan Credit Card, Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, and special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes like 'Krishi Darshan' on national television. 

Initiatives taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production:

1. Implementation of technology:
The government has been promoting the implementation of advanced technology in agriculture to enhance productivity. This includes the use of precision farming techniques, drones for crop monitoring, and the adoption of mechanized farming practices. These initiatives help farmers optimize their resources, reduce costs, and increase agricultural output.

2. Irrigation facilities:
To ensure increased agricultural production, the government has been investing in irrigation facilities. The implementation of irrigation projects, such as canal systems, drip irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation, has helped in improving water availability and management. This has significantly contributed to higher crop yields, especially in regions facing water scarcity.

3. Access to credit and subsidies:
The government has established various schemes and policies to provide financial support to farmers. These include easy access to credit facilities, loans at subsidized interest rates, and insurance coverage for crops. These initiatives help farmers invest in modern farming equipment, quality seeds, fertilizers, and other necessary resources, leading to increased agricultural production.

4. Research and development:
To drive innovation and improve agricultural productivity, the government has been investing in research and development (R&D) in the agricultural sector. This includes the establishment of agricultural research centers, funding for agricultural research projects, and collaborations with international organizations. R&D efforts focus on developing high-yielding crop varieties, pest and disease management techniques, and sustainable farming practices.

5. Infrastructure development:
The government has been actively involved in the development of rural infrastructure to support agriculture. This includes the construction and improvement of rural roads, cold storage facilities, market yards, and warehouses. Improved infrastructure ensures better connectivity, reduces post-harvest losses, and enables farmers to access markets more efficiently.

6. Farmer education and training:
To enhance agricultural productivity, the government has been promoting farmer education and training programs. These initiatives aim to educate farmers about modern farming techniques, efficient resource management, and the use of agricultural machinery. By providing access to knowledge and training, farmers can adopt best practices and improve their agricultural output.

7. Crop diversification and promoting allied activities:
The government encourages farmers to diversify their crops and engage in allied activities such as animal husbandry, poultry, and horticulture. This helps in reducing the risks associated with mono-cropping and provides additional sources of income for farmers. By promoting crop diversification and allied activities, the government aims to increase agricultural production and improve rural livelihoods.

8. Market linkages and price support:
The government has taken measures to establish market linkages for farmers and ensure fair prices for their produce. This includes the establishment of agricultural produce marketing committees, setting up of e-markets, and direct procurement from farmers at minimum support prices (MSPs). These initiatives help farmers access wider markets and receive remunerative prices for their crops, thereby incentivizing increased agricultural production.

Overall, the government's initiatives focus on harnessing technology, improving infrastructure, providing financial support, promoting research and development, and enhancing market linkages to ensure increased agricultural production in the country. These efforts aim to uplift the agricultural sector, improve farmers' income, and contribute to food security and economic growth.