What is an electromagnet???which material is used to make 1)temporary magnet 2)permanent magnet .?

Question

Answer

An electromagnet is a temporary magnet made by placing a ferromagnetic metal (ex-soft iron core) inside a current carrying solenoid(current carrying looped conductor). it shows all properties of a magnet till the current is supplied.

1) soft iron core for temporary electromagnet.

2) hard iron core, nickel, cobalt and steel.

Answer

An electromagnet is a type of magnet that is created by passing an electric current through a coil of wire. It only produces a magnetic field when an electric current is flowing through it. When the current is turned off, the magnetic field disappears.

1) Temporary Magnet:

A temporary magnet is a magnet that retains its magnetism only for a short period of time. It is usually made from a soft magnetic material such as iron or steel. These materials are easily magnetized but lose their magnetism quickly once the external magnetic field is removed.

Process of Magnetization:

When a temporary magnet is magnetized, the domains within the material align in the direction of the external magnetic field. The alignment of these domains creates a net magnetic field within the material, making it act like a magnet.

Demagnetization:

However, once the external magnetic field is removed, the domains within the material lose their alignment and return to their random orientation. This demagnetizes the material, causing it to lose its magnetic properties.

2) Permanent Magnet:

A permanent magnet is a magnet that retains its magnetism indefinitely, without the need for an external electric current. It is typically made from materials with high magnetic properties, such as iron, nickel, cobalt, or certain types of alloys.

Process of Magnetization:

Permanent magnets are usually magnetized by exposing them to a strong magnetic field. This causes the domains within the material to align and remain in that alignment even after the external field is removed. The aligned domains create a strong permanent magnetic field within the material.

Magnetic Domains:

In permanent magnets, the domains are strongly aligned due to the properties of the materials used. These materials have a high coercivity, which means they require a significant amount of external magnetic field to demagnetize them. This allows the permanent magnet to retain its magnetism for a long time.

Applications:

Permanent magnets are widely used in various applications such as electric motors, generators, speakers, magnetic storage devices, and magnetic separators.

In conclusion, a temporary magnet is made from materials like iron or steel that can be easily magnetized but lose their magnetism quickly. On the other hand, a permanent magnet is made from materials with high magnetic properties that retain their magnetism indefinitely.

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