Explain the concept of modern state and nation state?

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While modern states have been developing since then. Modern states are ruled by a centralised power and authority. In a nation state, citizens came to develop a common identity based on shared language, traditions and cutoms...

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: a form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state
especially : a state containing one as opposed to several nationalities

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Concept of Modern State:

A modern state refers to a political entity that has certain characteristics and functions which distinguish it from other forms of political organization. It is a complex system that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries and has become the dominant form of political organization in the world today. The key features of a modern state include:

1. Sovereignty: A modern state is characterized by its sovereignty, which means it has the ultimate authority and power to govern its territory without interference from external entities.

2. Territory: A modern state has a defined geographical territory with clear boundaries that are recognized by other states. The state exercises control over this territory and its resources.

3. Government: A modern state has a centralized government that exercises authority over its citizens and enforces laws and regulations. The government is responsible for maintaining law and order, providing public services, and protecting the rights and welfare of its citizens.

4. Citizenship: In a modern state, individuals are recognized as citizens who have certain rights and obligations. Citizenship entails enjoying legal protections, participating in the political process, and being subject to the laws of the state.

5. Institutions: A modern state has various institutions that support its functioning, such as legislative bodies, executive branches, judicial systems, and administrative structures. These institutions work together to govern the state and ensure the implementation of laws and policies.

6. Monopoly on the use of force: The modern state has the legitimate authority to maintain law and order within its territory and has a monopoly on the use of force. It is responsible for protecting its citizens from internal and external threats.

Concept of Nation State:

A nation state is a political entity that aligns the boundaries of the state with a particular nation or ethnic group. It is characterized by a shared sense of identity, culture, language, history, and often religion. The concept of a nation state emerged in the 19th century, coinciding with the rise of nationalism. Key features of a nation state include:

1. Homogeneity: A nation state seeks to create a sense of homogeneity among its citizens, where they share common characteristics and identify with the nation. This can be based on factors such as ethnicity, language, culture, or religion.

2. National Identity: In a nation state, there is a strong emphasis on national identity, which serves as a unifying force for the citizens. This identity is often reflected in symbols, traditions, and shared values.

3. Cultural Integration: The nation state promotes cultural integration and assimilation, aiming to create a cohesive national culture. This can involve language policies, education systems, and cultural institutions that reinforce the dominant national identity.

4. Political Representation: The nation state seeks to ensure political representation and self-determination for the nation or ethnic group it represents. This can involve granting autonomy or self-governance to specific regions or communities within the state.

5. Nationalism: Nationalism plays a significant role in the nation state, as it fosters a sense of pride, loyalty, and allegiance to the nation. It can be a unifying force but also has the potential to create tensions with other nations or minority groups within the state.

6. Unity and Stability: The nation

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