In a capillary tube experiment, a vertical 30 cm long capillary tube is dipped in water. The water rises up to a height of 10 cm due to capillary action. If this experiment is conducted in a freely falling elevator, the length of the water column becomesa)10 cmb)20 cmc)30 cmd)ZeroCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Answer

In the freely falling elevator, g = 0.
Water will rise (h=2σcosθ/rρg) to fill the entire 30 cm length of the tube

Answer

Introduction:
In the capillary tube experiment, the height to which a liquid rises in a capillary tube is determined by the balance between cohesive forces within the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube. The phenomenon is known as capillary action and is influenced by factors such as the properties of the liquid, the diameter of the tube, and the angle of contact between the liquid and the tube.

Given information:
- Length of the capillary tube = 30 cm
- Height to which water rises in the capillary tube = 10 cm

Explanation:
When the capillary tube is dipped in water, the water molecules are attracted to the walls of the tube, leading to a rise in the water level inside the tube. The height to which the water rises is determined by the balance between the cohesive and adhesive forces.

In a freely falling elevator, the gravitational force acting on the water column is reduced or nullified due to the free-fall motion. This has the following effects on the water column:

1. Reduction in gravitational force:
In a freely falling elevator, the gravitational force acting on the water column is reduced or nullified. As a result, the net force acting on the water column is reduced, leading to a decrease in the height to which the water rises.

2. Effect of reduced gravity:
The reduced gravitational force in the freely falling elevator affects the balance between the cohesive and adhesive forces. With a decrease in the net force, the adhesive forces become relatively stronger than the cohesive forces. This causes the water column to shrink in height.

Conclusion:
In the given experiment, when conducted in a freely falling elevator, the length of the water column in the capillary tube will decrease. Since the original height of the water column is 10 cm, it will decrease to a height less than 10 cm. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - 30 cm.

Answer

C

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