Razziya Sultana: The First Female Muslim Ruler in Indian History

Razziya Sultana was the first female Muslim ruler in Indian history who ruled the Delhi Sultanate for a short period of time. She was the daughter of Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

Early Life and Education

Razziya Sultana was born in 1205 AD in Delhi. She was the only daughter of Iltutmish and his wife, Turkan Khatun. As a princess, she received an excellent education in various fields of knowledge, including administration, warfare, and religion.

Ascension to the Throne

After Iltutmish's death in 1236 AD, his eldest son, Nasiruddin Mahmud, was appointed as the new ruler. However, he was incompetent and was murdered after only a few months on the throne. The nobles of the court then selected Razziya Sultana as the new ruler, despite opposition from conservative elements in the court who opposed the idea of a woman on the throne.

Reforms and Policies

Razziya Sultana was a just and capable ruler who implemented a number of reforms and policies during her brief reign. She abolished the practice of giving high-ranking positions to nobles based on their birth or lineage and instead appointed them based on their merit and abilities. She also lowered taxes, improved the administration of justice, and encouraged trade and commerce.

Downfall and Death

Razziya Sultana's reign was short-lived, as she faced opposition from conservative elements in the court who were unhappy with her reforms and policies. In 1240 AD, she was deposed by a group of nobles led by her own half-brother, Jalaluddin. She was imprisoned and later killed in captivity.

Legacy

Despite her short reign, Razziya Sultana is remembered as a brave and visionary ruler who challenged the patriarchal norms of her time and implemented progressive policies for the betterment of her people. Her legacy has inspired generations of women in India and around the world to pursue their dreams and fight for their rights.

Razia Sultan was the second ruler of the Mamluk dynasty after his father,Sham-suddin Iltutmish,who choses his only daughter as Sultan. She ruled for a very short time and died of some mysterious circumstances after fighting with a rebellion.
The nobility didn't want her to rule as there was a thinking that women were subordinate to man. And this made the reason for her death,and after her death the nobility put on the throne the son of Iltutmish,who didn't succeeded.