Carbon refixation in C4 plants occurs in chloroplasts of :–a)Palisade tissueb)Spongy Mesophyllc)Bundle sheath cellsd)Gaurd cellsCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Carbon refixation in C4 plants occurs in chloroplasts of :&ndash;a)Palisade tissueb)Spongy Mesophyllc)Bundle sheath cellsd)Gaurd cellsCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Answer

Carbon refixation(calvin cycle/final carbon fixation) in C4 plant occure in bundle sheath cells.

Answer

Bundle sheath cells me from several layers around the vascular bundles and their characterized by
a)having a large number of chloroplast
b) thick walls impervious to gases exchange
c)no intercellular spaces

Answer

Carbon refixation in C4 plants occurs in chloroplasts of Bundle sheath cells.

Explanation:
C4 plants have a unique mechanism of carbon fixation that allows them to efficiently capture carbon dioxide (CO2) even under high temperatures and low CO2 concentrations. This mechanism involves the spatial separation of initial carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle, which occurs in different cell types within the leaf.

1. C4 Pathway Overview:
The C4 pathway involves the initial fixation of CO2 into a four-carbon compound called oxaloacetate (OAA) in mesophyll cells. This process is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc). The resulting four-carbon compound is then transported to bundle sheath cells, where it is decarboxylated, releasing CO2, and subsequently refixed through the Calvin cycle.

2. Role of Bundle Sheath Cells:
Bundle sheath cells are specialized cells that surround the vascular tissue (veins) in leaves. In C4 plants, these cells play a crucial role in the carbon refixation process. They have large numbers of chloroplasts and lack intercellular spaces, making them an ideal environment for the Calvin cycle to occur.

3. Chloroplasts in Bundle Sheath Cells:
The chloroplasts present in the bundle sheath cells of C4 plants are specifically adapted to facilitate the carbon refixation process. They contain all the necessary enzymes and components required for the Calvin cycle, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), which is responsible for the fixation of CO2 during photosynthesis.

4. Carbon Refixation in Bundle Sheath Cells:
In the bundle sheath cells, the CO2 released from the decarboxylation of the four-carbon compound diffuses into the chloroplasts. It then undergoes the Calvin cycle, where it is converted into organic compounds, primarily glucose. This carbon refixation process ensures that the CO2 is effectively utilized and not lost to the environment.

Conclusion:
In summary, carbon refixation in C4 plants occurs in the chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells. These specialized cells play a crucial role in the C4 pathway by providing an environment where the Calvin cycle can efficiently occur, ensuring the efficient capture and utilization of CO2 during photosynthesis.

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