There is a stem modification in Ruscus. It isa)Cladodeb)Phyllocladec)Thornd)CormCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Option A is correct, limited growth of phylloclade is called cladode ..ex. ruscus, stem is reduced for reduction of transparation is called phylloclade ex. asparagus, thorns are arial stem modification present in bougainvillea and citrus, corm is a under ground stem modification present in colacasia  and amarphopholas..

Answer

Phyllode - Modification of leaf ( petiole) eg.Australian acacia. Cladode -Cladode is a phylloclade with one or two internodes only. It resembles a leaf.eg Asparagus, Ruscus. Phylloclade- Phylloclade is a modified stem that is flattened or cylindrical and capable of unlimited growth. eg. Opuntia, Casuarina.

Answer

CLADODE IS A PHYLLOCLADE WITH TWO OR MORE INTERNODES. It resembles leaf but it is a stem modification it is seen in asparagus and rescue.

Answer

Cladode

Answer

There is a stem modification in Ruscus known as cladode.

Cladode:
A cladode is a modified stem that resembles a leaf and performs photosynthesis. It is also known as a phylloclade.

Ruscus:
Ruscus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae. It includes around 7-8 species of evergreen shrubs native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Ruscus plants have small, inconspicuous flowers and are often grown for their attractive foliage.

Stem Modification:
Stem modifications are changes in the structure and function of stems to adapt to specific environmental conditions or perform specialized functions. In the case of Ruscus, the stem modification is the cladode.

Function of Cladode:
The cladode in Ruscus performs the function of a leaf. It is flattened and green, resembling a leaf in appearance. However, unlike a true leaf, the cladode has a modified stem structure and performs photosynthesis.

Advantages of Cladodes:
1. Increased Photosynthetic Surface: Cladodes provide a larger surface area for photosynthesis compared to regular leaves. This allows the plant to capture more sunlight and produce more energy.

2. Water Conservation: Cladodes have reduced surface area and fewer stomata compared to true leaves. This helps in reducing water loss through transpiration, making them more efficient in arid conditions.

3. Storage of Water and Nutrients: Cladodes can also serve as storage organs for water and nutrients. They have specialized cells that can store water, allowing the plant to survive in dry periods.

4. Protection: The spines on the cladodes of some Ruscus species provide protection against herbivores, preventing them from feeding on the plant.

Conclusion:
In Ruscus, the stem modification known as cladode or phylloclade is present. The cladode resembles a leaf and performs photosynthesis. It provides advantages such as increased photosynthetic surface, water conservation, storage of water and nutrients, and protection against herbivores.

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