Introduction:
Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that do not produce flowers. They include conifers, cycads, and ginkgo trees. Gymnosperms have a unique vascular system that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. Xylem is a type of vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. However, not all types of xylem are present in gymnosperms.

Xylem Vessels:
Xylem vessels, also known as tracheary elements, are elongated cells with perforated end walls called perforation plates. They are responsible for the efficient transport of water and minerals. However, xylem vessels are absent in gymnosperms. This is one of the key differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants). Angiosperms have xylem vessels, which allow for faster and more efficient water transport.

Xylem Tracheids:
Xylem tracheids are another type of elongated cells that are present in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Tracheids have tapered ends and overlapping side walls with pits. These pits allow for the lateral movement of water between adjacent cells. Xylem tracheids are responsible for water transport in gymnosperms. They are less efficient than xylem vessels but still enable water movement from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Xylem Parenchyma:
Xylem parenchyma is a type of xylem tissue that consists of living cells. These cells have thin cell walls and large intercellular spaces. Xylem parenchyma functions in storage and lateral transport of water and nutrients. They are present in both gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, gymnosperms lack xylem vessels, which are present in angiosperms. Instead, gymnosperms rely on xylem tracheids for water transport. Xylem parenchyma is present in both gymnosperms and angiosperms and plays a role in storage and lateral transport. Understanding the differences in xylem types between gymnosperms and angiosperms helps us appreciate the unique adaptations of these plants and their ability to thrive in various environments.

Xylem vessels