Cloning vector is a small piece of DNA taken from virus, plasmid,or the cell of a higher organism. Gene cloning is  he production of exact copies (clones) of a particular gene or DNA sequence using genetic engineering Technique

Difference between Cloning Vector and Cloning Gene

Introduction:
In molecular biology, cloning is the process of creating identical copies of a specific DNA fragment, gene, or an entire organism. It involves the insertion of a target DNA fragment into a vector, which is then replicated in a host organism. Cloning vector and cloning gene are two essential components used in the process of cloning, but they serve different purposes.

Cloning Vector:
A cloning vector is a small DNA molecule that is used to carry the target DNA fragment into a host organism, where it can be reproduced. It functions as a carrier or vehicle for the DNA of interest. Cloning vectors are usually derived from plasmids, which are circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria. They have specific features that make them suitable for cloning, such as:
- Origin of replication: Allows the vector to replicate independently in the host organism.
- Selectable markers: Enable the identification and selection of host cells that have successfully taken up the vector.
- Multiple cloning sites: Provide specific locations where the target DNA can be inserted.
- Antibiotic resistance genes: Allow for the selection of host cells that have successfully incorporated the vector.

Cloning Gene:
A cloning gene refers to the specific DNA fragment or gene of interest that is inserted into the cloning vector. It is the target DNA that is replicated and propagated in the host organism. The cloning gene can be obtained from various sources, including genomic DNA, cDNA (complementary DNA), or synthetic DNA. The process of obtaining the cloning gene involves:
- Isolating the DNA fragment of interest using techniques such as PCR or restriction enzyme digestion.
- Preparing the DNA fragment by adding compatible ends or adaptors to facilitate its insertion into the cloning vector.

Differences:
1. Purpose:
- Cloning vector: Serves as a carrier for the cloning gene and provides the necessary features for replication and selection.
- Cloning gene: Refers to the specific DNA fragment or gene that is inserted into the cloning vector.

2. Function:
- Cloning vector: Carries the cloning gene into the host organism and facilitates its replication.
- Cloning gene: Contains the genetic information of interest and is replicated and propagated in the host organism.

3. Characteristics:
- Cloning vector: Derived from plasmids, contains origin of replication, selectable markers, and multiple cloning sites.
- Cloning gene: Obtained from various sources, such as genomic DNA, cDNA, or synthetic DNA.

4. Manipulation:
- Cloning vector: Can be modified to include specific features required for cloning experiments.
- Cloning gene: May require manipulation, such as PCR amplification or addition of adaptors, before insertion into the cloning vector.

Conclusion:
In summary, a cloning vector is a carrier or vehicle that carries the cloning gene into a host organism, while the cloning gene refers to the specific DNA fragment or gene that is inserted into the vector. The cloning vector provides the necessary features for replication and selection, whereas the cloning gene contains the genetic information of interest. Both components play crucial roles in the process of cloning by allowing the replication and propagation of specific DNA fragments or genes.