Khorana first deciphered the triplet codons of[1992]a)serine and isoleucineb)cysteine and valinec)tyrosine and tryptophand)phenylalanine and methionineCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Khorana first prepare Dna with out using template and that is co polymer of cysteine and valine

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Khorana synthesised a chain of alternate nucleotide GUGUGUGU. He found that it stimulated synthesis of a peptide having alternate valine-cysteine- ....

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Khorana and the Deciphering of Triplet Codons

One of the key milestones in the field of molecular biology was the deciphering of the genetic code, specifically the triplet codons that represent the building blocks of proteins. This breakthrough was achieved by Har Gobind Khorana, an Indian-American biochemist, in the year 1961. Khorana's work laid the foundation for our understanding of how DNA encodes the information necessary for protein synthesis.

The Structure of DNA and the Genetic Code

To understand Khorana's contribution, it is important to first have a basic understanding of the structure of DNA and the genetic code. DNA is a double-stranded molecule made up of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These bases, in a specific sequence, encode the instructions for building proteins.

The genetic code is a set of rules that define how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they are specified by sequences of three nucleotides called codons.

Khorana's Experiment

Khorana's experiment was aimed at deciphering the specific codons for individual amino acids. He used a technique called oligonucleotide synthesis to create synthetic RNA molecules with specific sequences. These synthetic RNA molecules were then used to direct protein synthesis in a cell-free system.

To determine the codons for specific amino acids, Khorana systematically varied the sequence of the synthetic RNA molecules and observed the resulting amino acids in the synthesized proteins. By comparing the different sequences and the corresponding amino acids, he was able to deduce the specific codons for each amino acid.

The Deciphering of Cysteine and Valine Codons

Out of the given options, Khorana first deciphered the triplet codons for cysteine and valine. Cysteine is an amino acid that plays an important role in protein structure and function, while valine is an essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth and development.

By systematically varying the sequence of the synthetic RNA molecules and observing the resulting amino acids in the synthesized proteins, Khorana was able to determine the codons for cysteine and valine. This breakthrough provided crucial insights into the genetic code and paved the way for further research in the field of molecular biology.

Overall, Khorana's work on deciphering the triplet codons was a significant contribution to our understanding of how DNA encodes the information necessary for protein synthesis. His experiments laid the foundation for subsequent studies on the genetic code and opened up new avenues for research in the field of molecular biology.

Answer

Please read 12 ncert it is given at last pages of textbook

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