How can an unsaturated hydrocarbon be made into saturated?

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Answer

It is possible to convert unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons by an addition reaction in which hydrogen is added to unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel which breaks the double or triple bond to form saturated hydrocarbon..

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# = Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive due to presence of double or triple bonds.
**They undergo addition reactions across the carbon-carbon double bonds to produce saturated hydrocarbons.
*Addition of hydrogen across C-C double bonds is called hydrogenation.

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By the process of Hydrogenation (Add the Hydrogen).

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Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive due to presence of double or triple bonds. They undergo addition reactions across the carbon-carbon double bonds to produce saturated hydrocarbons. Addition of hydrogen across C-C double bonds is called hydrogenation...

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When unsaturated hydrocarbons is heated  in the presence of nickel catalyst then it converted into saturated hydrocarbons I u like then upvote my answer

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How to Convert an Unsaturated Hydrocarbon into a Saturated Hydrocarbon

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, while saturated hydrocarbons only have single bonds. The process of converting an unsaturated hydrocarbon into a saturated one is known as hydrogenation. In this process, the double or triple bonds are broken, and hydrogen atoms are added to the carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of single bonds. Here is a detailed explanation of how unsaturated hydrocarbons can be made into saturated hydrocarbons:

1. Hydrogenation Reaction
The conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons is typically achieved through a hydrogenation reaction. This reaction involves the addition of hydrogen gas (H2) to the unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is often a metal, such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), or nickel (Ni), which facilitates the breaking of the double or triple bonds.

2. Breaking Double or Triple Bonds
In the hydrogenation process, the double or triple bonds present in the unsaturated hydrocarbon are broken. For example, in the case of an alkene (unsaturated hydrocarbon with double bonds), the double bond between carbon atoms is broken to form two single bonds. Similarly, in the case of an alkyne (unsaturated hydrocarbon with triple bonds), the triple bond is broken to form three single bonds. This breaking of the multiple bonds creates open spaces for the addition of hydrogen atoms.

3. Addition of Hydrogen Atoms
Once the double or triple bonds are broken, hydrogen atoms are added to the carbon atoms. Each carbon atom involved in the former double bond receives one hydrogen atom. In the case of alkenes, which have one double bond, two hydrogen atoms are added per alkene molecule. In the case of alkynes, which have one triple bond, four hydrogen atoms are added per alkyne molecule.

4. Formation of Saturated Hydrocarbon
As a result of the hydrogenation reaction, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is converted into a saturated hydrocarbon. The addition of hydrogen atoms creates single bonds between the carbon atoms, eliminating any remaining double or triple bonds. The resulting molecule is saturated because it contains only single bonds.

5. Applications of Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a widely used process in various industries. It is commonly employed in the production of saturated fats from unsaturated fats, such as the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to produce margarine. Hydrogenation is also used in the production of fuels, such as converting unsaturated hydrocarbons present in crude oil into saturated hydrocarbons.

In conclusion, the conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbons into saturated hydrocarbons can be achieved through the process of hydrogenation. This reaction involves breaking the double or triple bonds present in the unsaturated hydrocarbon and adding hydrogen atoms to form single bonds. The resulting saturated hydrocarbon has no double or triple bonds and is commonly used in various industrial applications.

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