Most gymnosperms have :–a)Both archegonia and antheridiab)Antheridia but no archegoniac)Archegonia but no antheridiad)No antheridia or archegoniaCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Most gymnosperms have :&#8211;a)Both archegonia and antheridiab)Antheridia but no archegoniac)Archegonia but no antheridiad)No antheridia or archegoniaCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Answer

In gymnosperms and angiosperms, the male gametophytes have been reduced to pollen grains and in most of these the antheridia have been reduced to a single generative cell within the pollen grain.

Answer

In gymnosperm have lost of anthredia and it's role of filled by pollen grain.Gymnosperms have their archegonium formed after pollination inside female conifer cones (megastrobili).

Answer

Only antheridia

Answer

Introduction:
Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that include conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and Gnetales. They are characterized by having naked seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit. In terms of reproductive structures, gymnosperms exhibit some variations. One of these variations is the presence or absence of archegonia and antheridia, which are the structures involved in sexual reproduction.

Explanation:
The correct answer to the question is option 'C,' which states that most gymnosperms have archegonia but no antheridia. Let's explore the reasons behind this answer in detail:

1. Archegonia:
- Archegonia are female reproductive structures found in plants.
- They are flask-shaped structures that contain an egg cell or ovum.
- The archegonia are responsible for the production of female gametes and the site of fertilization in gymnosperms.
- The presence of archegonia indicates that the gymnosperm has the ability for sexual reproduction.

2. Antheridia:
- Antheridia are male reproductive structures found in plants.
- They produce and release sperm cells or male gametes.
- The antheridia are responsible for the production of male gametes and their transfer to the female reproductive structures for fertilization.
- The absence of antheridia indicates that the gymnosperm does not have the ability to produce and release sperm cells.

3. Gymnosperm Reproduction:
- Gymnosperms are plants that have evolved to reproduce without the need for water, unlike their ancestors, the ferns and mosses.
- In gymnosperms, the transfer of male gametes to the female reproductive structures occurs through the use of pollen grains.
- The pollen grains contain the male gametes, which are released from the microsporangia (male structures) and carried by wind or animals to the female reproductive structures.

4. Pollen Tubes:
- Once the pollen grain reaches the female reproductive structure (in this case, the archegonium), it forms a pollen tube.
- The pollen tube grows and extends towards the egg cell, allowing the male gametes to reach the site of fertilization.

5. Antheridia in Gymnosperms:
- While gymnosperms do not have antheridia, they do have other structures that produce and release male gametes.
- These structures are known as pollen cones or strobili.
- The pollen cones produce pollen grains that contain the male gametes.
- The absence of antheridia in gymnosperms is compensated by the presence of pollen cones, which fulfill the same function of producing and releasing male gametes.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, most gymnosperms have archegonia but no antheridia. This is because gymnosperms have evolved to reproduce without the need for water, and the absence of antheridia is compensated by the presence of pollen cones that produce and release male gametes. The archegonia, on the other hand, are essential for the production of female gametes and the site of fertilization in gymnosperms.

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