Thomas Macaulay was the liberal colonial officer who formulated new rules to restore the freedom of the press in India.

Background:
During the British colonial rule in India, the freedom of the press was suppressed in order to maintain control over the narrative and prevent any criticism or opposition to British policies. However, with the advent of liberalism and the changing political climate in Britain, there was a growing recognition of the importance of freedom of expression and the press.

Role of Thomas Macaulay:
1. Introduction of Press Act of 1835: As a liberal colonial officer, Thomas Macaulay played a significant role in formulating new rules to restore the freedom of the press in India. He introduced the Press Act of 1835, also known as the Metcalfe Act, which aimed to liberalize the press laws and promote freedom of expression.

2. Repeal of Licensing System: The Press Act of 1835 repealed the licensing system that was in place, which required publishers to obtain a license from the government before publishing any material. This move effectively removed the prior restraint on the press and allowed for greater freedom of expression.

3. Reduction of Censorship: The Act also reduced censorship by removing the provision that allowed the government to confiscate printing presses and materials deemed seditious. This further enhanced the freedom of the press by reducing the fear of government intervention and repression.

4. Introduction of Reasonable Restrictions: While promoting freedom of expression, the Press Act of 1835 also introduced certain reasonable restrictions on the press. It prohibited the publication of material that incited violence, promoted religious hatred, or contained obscenity. These restrictions were aimed at maintaining public order and preventing the spread of harmful content.

5. Impact: Thomas Macaulay's reforms in the form of the Press Act of 1835 played a pivotal role in restoring the freedom of the press in India. It allowed for a more open and vibrant press, enabling the dissemination of diverse opinions and fostering a culture of public debate and political awareness.

In conclusion, Thomas Macaulay, as a liberal colonial officer, formulated new rules through the Press Act of 1835 to restore the freedom of the press in India. His reforms removed prior restraint, reduced censorship, and introduced reasonable restrictions, thereby promoting freedom of expression and facilitating the growth of a more independent press.