What is recombinant dna technology??

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Mixing of 2 DNA is recombinant DNA technology

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The binding of two different dna to form a new modern   dna ...termed dns recombinent  technology

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Recombinant DNA technology, joining together of DNA molecules from two different species that are inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic combination that are of value to science and medicine etc.

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Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNAmolecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome. Recombinant DNA in a living organism was first achieved in 1973 by Herbert Boyer, of the University of California at San Francisco, and Stanley Cohen, at Stanford University, who used E. coli restriction enzymes to insert foreign DNA into plasmids.[1]
Recombinant DNA is the general name for a piece of DNA that has been created by the combination of at least two strands. Recombinant DNA is possible because DNA molecules from all organisms share the same chemical structure, and differ only in the nucleotide sequence within that identical overall structure. Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA, because they can be made of material from two different species, like the mythical chimera. R-DNA technology uses palindromic sequences and leads to the production of sticky and blunt ends.
The DNA sequences used in the construction of recombinant DNA molecules can originate from any species. For example, plant DNA may be joined to bacterial DNA, or human DNA may be joined with fungal DNA. In addition, DNA sequences that do not occur anywhere in nature may be created by the chemical synthesis of DNA, and incorporated into recombinant molecules. Using recombinant DNA technology and synthetic DNA, literally any DNA sequence may be created and introduced into any of a very wide range of living organisms.
Proteins that can result from the expression of recombinant DNA within living cells are termed recombinant proteins. When recombinant DNA encoding a protein is introduced into a host organism, the recombinant protein is not necessarily produced.[2] Expression of foreign proteins requires the use of specialized expression vectors and often necessitates significant restructuring by foreign coding sequences.[3]
Recombinant DNA differs from genetic recombination in that the former results from artificial methods in the test tube, while the latter is a normal biological process that results in the remixing of existing DNA sequences in essentially all organisms.

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What is Recombinant DNA Technology?
Recombinant DNA technology is a groundbreaking scientific technique that allows the manipulation of genetic material to create new DNA sequences. This technology has revolutionized the fields of genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology.

Key Components of Recombinant DNA Technology:
- **Gene Cloning**
- The process of isolating and making copies of specific genes.
- **Vector**
- A DNA molecule used to deliver genetic material into a host cell. Common vectors include plasmids and viruses.
- **Restriction Enzymes**
- These enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of new genetic material.
- **Ligase Enzyme**
- This enzyme joins together the DNA fragments, sealing the gaps and forming a stable recombinant DNA molecule.

Steps in Recombinant DNA Technology:
1. **Isolation of DNA**
- Extracting DNA from the organism of interest.
2. **Cutting DNA**
- Using restriction enzymes to create fragments of DNA.
3. **Inserting DNA**
- The desired gene is inserted into a vector.
4. **Transformation**
- The recombinant DNA is introduced into host cells, often bacteria.
5. **Selection**
- Identifying cells that have successfully incorporated the recombinant DNA.
6. **Expression**
- The host cells produce the desired product, such as proteins.

Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology:
- **Medicine**
- Production of insulin, vaccines, and gene therapy.
- **Agriculture**
- Creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for improved crop resistance.
- **Research**
- Understanding gene functions and genetic diseases.
Recombinant DNA technology continues to be a vital tool in modern science, providing innovative solutions across various fields.

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More then copies of gene

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