In which of the following bryophytes there are gemmae, the means of vegetative reproduction:-a)Ricciab)Marchantiac)Sphagnumd)AnthocerosCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Marchantia forms small green disc shaped biconvex structure , gemmae inside little and shallow gemmae cups . Gemmae are the mode of vegetative reproduction and form thalli on suitable soil .

Answer

In mosses and liverworts The production of gemmae is a widespread means of asexual reproduction in both liverworts and mosses. In liverworts such as Marchantia, the flattened plant body or thallus is a haploid gametophyte with gemma cups scattered about its upper surface. ... They are dispersed from gemma cups by rainfall

Answer

Answer:

Introduction:
Bryophytes are a group of non-vascular plants that includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. These plants reproduce through spores, and they lack true roots, stems, and leaves. Bryophytes have various mechanisms of vegetative reproduction, one of which is the production of gemmae.

Gemmae:
Gemmae are small, multicellular, and asexually reproductive structures found in some bryophytes. They are typically produced in gemma cups or gemma cups-like structures. Gemmae are similar to buds and can develop into new individuals when dispersed and exposed to favorable conditions.

Marchantia:
Marchantia is a genus of liverworts that belongs to the phylum Marchantiophyta. It is commonly known as 'liverwort' or 'liver leaf' and is a common bryophyte found in damp environments. Marchantia reproduces both sexually and asexually.

Gemmae in Marchantia:
Marchantia has specialized structures called gemma cups on its thallus (leaf-like structure). These cups contain gemmae, which are small, lens-shaped structures. When the gemma cups become mature, they release the gemmae into the environment. The gemmae are then dispersed by rainwater or splashes of water.

Vegetative Reproduction:
Gemmae are involved in vegetative reproduction in Marchantia. When the gemmae come into contact with a suitable substrate, they germinate and give rise to a new individual. Each gemma contains cells capable of developing into a new gametophyte. This asexual mode of reproduction allows the liverwort to rapidly colonize new areas and expand its population.

Other Bryophytes:
Riccia, Sphagnum, and Anthoceros are other bryophytes mentioned in the options. However, gemmae are not present in Riccia and Anthoceros. Riccia reproduces vegetatively through fragmentation, while Anthoceros reproduces through spores. Sphagnum mosses, commonly known as peat mosses, reproduce mainly through spores as well.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, gemmae are present in Marchantia, a genus of liverworts. Gemmae cups on the thallus of Marchantia produce gemmae, which are dispersed to suitable substrates where they germinate and give rise to new individuals. This vegetative mode of reproduction aids in the rapid colonization and expansion of Marchantia populations.

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