Conversion of starch to organic acids is required for [1992]a)stomatal openingb)stomatal closingc)stomatal formationd)stomatal activityCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

According to Lloyd the stomatal movement is regulated by interconversion of starch and organic acids. When starch is converted into organic acid in the presence of enzymes and light, guard cells get turgidity and eventually causes the opening of stomata.

Answer

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Answer

Stomatal opening

Answer

The conversion of starch to organic acids is required for stomatal opening. Stomata are tiny pores present on the surface of leaves and stems of plants that allow for gas exchange. They play a crucial role in regulating the exchange of gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor between the plant and its environment. The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by various internal and external factors.

- Stomatal Opening and Closing:
Stomatal opening occurs when the guard cells, which surround the stomatal pore, swell and become turgid. This leads to the separation of the guard cells and the opening of the stomatal pore, allowing for gas exchange. On the other hand, stomatal closing occurs when the guard cells lose water and become flaccid. This causes the stomatal pore to close, preventing excessive water loss through transpiration.

- Role of Organic Acids:
Organic acids, such as malic acid and citric acid, are involved in the process of stomatal opening. These organic acids are synthesized in the guard cells during the day through the conversion of starch. The conversion of starch to organic acids provides the necessary energy and biochemical changes required for stomatal opening.

- Starch Conversion:
Starch is a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of energy in plants. During the day, when photosynthesis is active, starch is synthesized in the chloroplasts of the guard cells. As the day progresses and light intensity increases, the starch is converted into organic acids through enzymatic reactions.

- Energy and Biochemical Changes:
The conversion of starch to organic acids provides the necessary energy for the swelling of the guard cells. This energy is utilized to actively transport potassium ions into the guard cells, leading to an increase in osmotic pressure. As a result, water enters the guard cells through osmosis, causing them to become turgid and leading to stomatal opening.

- Environmental Factors:
In addition to the conversion of starch to organic acids, other environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and the presence of hormones also influence stomatal opening. These factors work in coordination to regulate stomatal activity and ensure the efficient exchange of gases between the plant and its environment.

In conclusion, the conversion of starch to organic acids is essential for stomatal opening. This process provides the necessary energy and biochemical changes required for the swelling of guard cells and subsequent stomatal opening.

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